Exhibition | Bernardo Bellotto Paints Europe
With his younger brother Pietro the focal point of an exhibition in Venice, Bernardo Belotto, the pupil and nephew of the more famous ‘Canaletto’ will be the subject of a major show in Munich next fall:
Canaletto, Bernardo Bellotto Paints Europe / Bernardo Bellotto Malt Europa
Alte Pinakothek, Munich, 17 October 2014 — 19 January 2015
Bernardo Bellotto, View of Munich from the East, 1761
© Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen, Munich
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With around 80 loans from public and private collections in Europe and the USA, this exhibition will be the first comprehensive show of Bellotto’s work in Germany for almost 50 years and will provide a unique opportunity to accompany the Venetian vedute painter on his journey through 18th-century Europe.
Bernardo Bellotto, known as Canaletto, worked for several months in Munich in 1761 and painted a broad panorama of the city and two views of Nymphenburg Palace for Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria. Thanks to a comprehensive restoration programme, the three large-format paintings will regain their original lustre over the next few months. These are among the artist’s major works and are also unique historical documents.
The exhibition shows Bellotto’s pictures of Munich for the first time within the context of exemplary paintings and drawings from all his creative phases. Views of royal cities, palaces and villas will form the focus of attention and bring to life the places where Bellotto worked — from Venice and Rome to Dresden, Vienna and Warsaw. In addition, groups of works, such as landscapes and the artist’s fanciful capricci that have so far been paid less attention, will also form thematic highlights in the projected exhibition.
Exhibition | Pietro Bellotti: Another Canaletto
From Ca’ Rezzonico:
Archives of Landscape Painting | Pietro Bellotti: Another Canaletto
Ca’ Rezzonico, Museum of 18th-Century Venice, 7 December 2013 — 28 April 2014
Curated by Charles Beddington, Alberto Craievich, and Domenico Crivellari
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This year sees the start of a new and fascinating investigation at Ca’ Rezzonico, the symbol of 18th-century Venice, into landscape painting. This important genre developed during the 18th century in Venice, which provided an extraordinary source of inspiration for its exponents.
Among the leading figures of the genre, which is at the centre of a necessary re-evaluation, was Pietro Bellotti, Canaletto’s nephew and the younger brother of Bernardo Bellotti. Born in Venice in 1725, he developed a manner that was very different to that of the Canaletto ‘clan’ of which he was a part and despite exploiting the fame of his uncle (especially in France, where he lived for 50 years, calling himself ‘le Sieur Canalety’ or ‘Pietro Bellotti di Caneletty’). After moving to Toulouse with his family, he stayed for a brief apprenticeship in his brother’s workshop and then was active in Besançon, Nantes, Lille and Paris and, at least for a brief period, in England. Adopting an autonomous, personal style, he developed Canaletto’s inventions, producing numerous views of Europe’s most important cities, together with some architectural capriccios, some of which realised with the collaboration of other landscape painters.
The exhibition will offer a survey of the painter’s long working life, bringing together the few of his works conserved in public collections, such as at the Yale Center for British Art and the Mauritshuis in The Hague, and about 40 other pictures, including signed works in private European collections.
Exhibition | Regatta Boats
From Ca’ Rezzonico:
Imbarcazioni da Regata / Regatta Boats
Ca’ Rezzonico, Museum of 18th-Century Venice, 31 May — 10 September 2013, extended until 24 November
Curated by Alberto Craievich
Gaspare Diziani e Andrea Zucchi,
La Cina condotta in trionfo dall’Asia
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Among the most spectacular ceremonies Venice used to organise in the past were the regattas arranged by the Serenissima in honour of princes and rulers visiting the city. The most important artists of the 18th century assisted in the making of the extravagant vessels bearing such exotic names as bissone, malgarote, peote: specialists in the field, like Andrea Urbani or the Mauro family, together with leading artists, including Giambattista, Tiepolo, Francesco Guardi, Giambattista Piranesi, Gaspare Diziani and Francesco Zugno.
Freed of any functional constraints, the fantasy of the artists could be unleashed in the creation of bold inventions with ornamental motifs, mythological scenes and allegorical figures. These boats were designed to last the duration of a ceremony, and are documented today only through preparatory drawings or prints conveying a sense of their extravagant decoration and exceptional design.
One of the most important collections of prints and drawings dedicated to this specifically Venetian aspect of ephemeral baroque art is conserved in the Gabinetto dei disegni e delle stampe in Museo Correr and is now displayed after a long period out of public sight, at Ca’ Rezzonico.
Exhibition | The Golden Age of the Fan
Thanks to Pierre-Henri Biger for noting this upcoming exhibition of seventy fans at the Cognacq-Jay:
Le siècle d’or de l’éventail: Du Roi-Soleil à Marie-Antoinette
Musée Cognacq-Jay, Paris, 14 November 2013 — 2 March 2014
Curated by José de Los Llanos and Georgina Letourmy-Bordier
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Cette exposition rendra hommage à l’excellence du savoir-faire des éventaillistes français et montrera aussi l’extraordinaire inventivité dont témoignent ces objets fragiles et discrets que sont les éventails.
L’éventail est à la fois familier et méconnu. Accessoire de mode et objet d’art, il allie le savoir-faire d’artisans à la création artistique. Soumis à la fugacité des modes, il se renouvelle sans cesse. Importé d’Asie à la Renaissance, au milieu des cargaisons d’épices et de soies, l’éventail est adopté en France sous le règne de Louis XIV. Une corporation spécifique, celle des éventaillistes, créée en 1676, assure rapidement la domination des artisans français en Europe. Au cours du XVIIIe siècle, Paris devient ainsi la capitale de l’éventail. Le choix des décors suit alors la production des peintres à la mode et participe à la diffusion de l’art français en Europe, tout en montrant une singulière diversité. Tout peut être représenté sur un éventail : la mythologie, l’histoire antique comme l’histoire religieuse côtoient des scènes galantes. Ce sont aussi des décors empruntés à la vie quotidienne de la cour ou du peuple de Paris, ou encore des faits d’actualité, naissances et mariages royaux ou victoires militaires, célébrés par des fêtes publiques.
Avec soixante-dix oeuvres empruntées à des collections publiques et privées, en France et à l’Étranger, l’exposition du musée Cognacq-Jay, hommage à l’excellence du savoir-faire des éventaillistes français, essentiellement parisiens, montrera aussi l’extraordinaire inventivité dont témoignent ces objets fragiles et discrets.
Exhibition | Antichità, Teatro, Magnificenza: Images of Rome
Press release (14 May 2013) from the Carlos Museum (with thanks to Hélène Bremer for noting it) . . .
Antichità, Teatro, Magnificenza: Renaissance and Baroque Images of Rome
Michael C. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, 24 August — 17 November 2013
Curated by Margaret Shufeldt and Sarah McPhee
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Antichità, Teatro, Magnificenza: Renaissance and Baroque Images of Rome will be on view at the Michael C. Carlos Museum of Emory University from August 24 through November 17, 2013. This spectacular temporary exhibition includes maps, views, and books on Rome from the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries.
Over 130 works of art, many from the Carlos Museum’s permanent collection, representing ancient Rome will be showcased in three major sections—Antichita, Teatro, and Magnificenza. Antichita includes the Antiquae urbis imago, Pirro Ligorio’s 1561 reconstruction of the ancient city as the focal point of the antiquarian interests during the Italian Renaissance of the sixteenth century. Ligorio’s reconstruction will be surrounded by works by Hieronymous Cock, several others from the Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae, Mirror of the Magnificence of Rome, a Renaissance ‘coffee table book’ of prints of the sights of Rome produced by the French print seller and publisher Antonio Lafreri (1512–77), and images of the obelisks moved by Sixtus V—all from the Museum’s collection. This section also includes volumes from the rare book collections of the Emory Libraries such as De ludis circensibus by Onophrio Panvinio.
Antiquarians of the Renaissance were humanist scholars who sought to reconstruct, at least intellectually, Rome as it was in antiquity by studying coins, inscriptions, fragments, and the city’s ruins. The images show monuments that have been restored, healed of the ravages of time. Ligorio was one of the leading antiquarian scholars of his day. Cock on the other hand depicts the ruins just as they appeared in the sixteenth-century. The Colosseum is ravaged by time, with plants sprouting among the stones. This is the picturesque Rome that contemporary visitors to the city actually saw.
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The Teatro of the seventeenth century, the second section of the exhibition, is anchored by an impression of Giovanni Battista Falda’s 1676 Nuova pianta, lent by Chicago collector Vincent J. Buonanno. Also included are images from Falda’s depictions of the Giardini di Roma, as well as several books of the period. These works record the efforts of the seventeenth-century popes to refocus attention on the modern city through urban interventions known as ‘theaters’ or ‘teatri’. Piazzas were broadened and opened up to become stages where the life of the city took place and the power of the Church could be asserted. The most striking example is St. Peter’s Square. Falda’s many etchings show the theaters of the Baroque city.
The Magnificenza of the eighteenth century features Giovanni Battista Nolli’s Pianta grande and Giuseppe Vasi’s Prospetto dell’alma città di Roma. Also included are numerous views by Giovanni Battista Piranesi from the Museum’s collection and a copy of Jean Barbault’s Les plus beaux monuments de Rome ancienne among other items from Emory’s rare book collections. Also featured is a survey of Roman guidebooks through the centuries. In this section there are three different types of representations of the magnificence of the Eternal City by three different designers. Nolli’s map is an example of the rational, scientific thinking of the Enlightenment. Vasi follows in Falda’s footsteps making an encyclopedic collection of views of contemporary Rome. Piranesi takes an archaeological interest in the city and creates strikingly dramatic, imaginative views of the ancient monuments. Visitors to Rome on the Grand Tour purchased these prints as mementos of their sojourn and as evidence of their own learned interests.
Margaret Shufeldt, Carlos Museum Curator of Works on Paper, and Sarah McPhee, Emory’s Professor of Art History, are co-curators of the exhibition. Shufeldt notes, “This exhibition offers our visitors a chance to experience the Eternal City through the works of master printmakers across three centuries. One will be able to wander the city in detailed maps and marvel at imposing architecture in the diverse images of Rome.”
A Virtual Experience of Rome
In an exciting and innovative use of technology to bring the exhibition to life, the Carlos Museum is collaborating with Sarah McPhee and Jordan Williams and Erik Lewitt of plexus r + d to develop Virtual Rome. The virtual experience is grounded in the celebrated bird’s-eye view map of Giovanni Battista Falda, published in 1676, which subsumes the fine detail of over 300 etched views of the city made by the young artist. The composite image shows the urban fabric in exquisite visual detail, allowing the patient viewer to stroll the streets, count the windows in facades, and distinguish deciduous trees from evergreens.
Falda’s two-dimensional map will be transformed into a virtual, walkable Rome using the gaming platform known as NVis360. A team of educators, architects, and IT experts are documenting Falda’s Rome in maps and views, checking Falda’s data against Rome today, the surveyed map of 1748 by Giambattista Nolli, and the seventeenth-century ichnographic and surveyed maps that survive in the Roman archives. Through Virtual Rome, museum visitors will be able to journey back in time to experience the Eternal City of the seventeenth century. Virtual Rome is possible because of the generosity of Vincent J. Buonanno, who has made his extraordinary collection of Falda maps and views available in actual and digital form. McPhee notes, “The gaming platform allows us to follow the invitation of Falda’s prints to stroll the city with our eyes: to navigate lost streets and squares, take in vanished prospects, experience seventeenth-century Roman teatri in the round. This is the first time a gaming platform has been used at Emory University to recover urban history through an immersive and interactive reconstruction. We look forward to sharing the exciting results.
This exhibition has been made possible through the generous support of the Lamar Mixson Foundation, the Emory Libraries and the Manuscript and Rare Book Library (MARBL), and Mr. Vincent J. Buonanno.
Exhibition | Junípero Serra and the Legacies of the California Missions
Press release from The Huntington:
Junípero Serra and the Legacies of the California Missions
The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, San Marino, 17 August 2013 — 6 January 2014
Curated by Catherine Gudis and Steven Hackel
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The life of Junípero Serra (1713–1784)—and his impact on Indian life and California culture through his founding of missions—is the subject of an unprecedented, comprehensive, international loan exhibition opening August 17, 2013, and remaining on view through January 6, 2014, exclusively at The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens. Junípero Serra and the Legacies of the California Missions coincides with the 300th anniversary of Serra’s birth and includes about 250 objects from The Huntington’s collections and those of 61 lenders in the United States, Mexico, and Spain. The exhibition examines Serra’s early life and career in Mallorca, Spain; his mission work in Mexico and California; the diversity and complexity of California Indian cultures; and the experiences of the missionaries and Indians who lived in the missions.
Junípero Serra also delves into the preservation and reconstruction of the missions as physical structures; the persistence of Indian culture from before the mission period to the present; the missions’ enduring place in California culture today; and a wide variety of perspectives—some of them irreconcilable—on Serra and the meaning of his life.
Cristóbal de Villalpando, La Mística Ciudad de Dios (The Mystical City of God), 1706. Museo regional de Gaudalupe/CONACULTA– INAH, Guadalupe, Zacatecas Nacional del Virreinato, Mexico.
“It’s a rich, complex, and multi-faceted story, and one that has not been told before in an exhibition of this magnitude,” said Steven Hackel, co-curator of the exhibition, professor of history at the University of California, Riverside, and Serra biographer (Junípero Serra: California’s Founding Father, 2013). “Serra was 55 years old and had had a very full life by the time he came to California in 1769. In this show, we are working to move beyond the standard polemic that often surrounds Serra and the missions. We present a picture that is equally rich in its portrayal of not only Serra’s life but the meaning of the missions for a range of California Indians.” The general tendency is to think that Serra’s life work began with the California missions, Hackel added, and that Indian culture disappeared with the onset of those missions. “The exhibition challenges both of these assumptions.”
Contemporary art, including a video work created expressly for the exhibition by James Luna (Luiseño), and first-person narratives by descendants of the missions “defy any presumptions that Native Americans ‘vanished’ or that they hold a monolithic view about the mission past,” said Catherine Gudis, co-curator of the exhibition and professor of California and public history at the University of California, Riverside. “Rather, the show represents a range of responses—including resistance and resilience—as the result of a period of painful disruption and devastating change.”
Among key items in the exhibition are a host of rare paintings and illustrations documenting the history of the Spanish island of Mallorca, Serra’s life, 18th-century Catholic liturgical art, and New Spain, as well as several sketches and watercolors that are among the first visual representations of California and California Indians by Europeans. “These images are not only beautiful,” says Hackel, “but they are among the most important ethnographic representations of California Indian life at the onset of the missions and of Indian life in the missions.”
Also on view are Serra’s baptismal record from Mallorca, his Bible and lecture notes from Mallorca, and the diary he composed as he traveled from Baja California to San Diego in 1769. Notable and unique items documenting Indian culture in California include a textile fragment that is thousands of years old, woven by California Indians from seaweed and fiber, as well as beads, tools, baskets, and written documents from the colonial period. “Like the Spaniards, these were people who had a significant history and culture well before the Europeans showed up, and it was a history and culture that would persevere, although not without huge changes, in and after the missions,” said Gudis.
Junípero Serra provides a sweeping examination of where Serra came from, including the history and culture of Mallorca well before his time and during his early life; where Serra traveled, including his early adult years performing missionary work from central Mexico to Baja; and finally, his work to establish a system of missions along the California coastline from south to north.
At the same time, it provides the backdrop against which the missions emerged: early California was populated by numerous and diverse groups of Indians. Culture and customs varied from village to village; more than 100 languages were spoken; and in the parts of California colonized by Spain, the Indians numbered nearly 70,000.
Serra, under the auspices of the Catholic Church and the Spanish flag, believed his mission was to convert them to Christianity. However, his dream of encouraging Indians to relocate to the missions ultimately led many to an early grave, as diseases killed thousands of Indians who lived there.
“The mission period was a defining one in California’s history—and Serra is the most visible symbol of that period,” said Hackel. “But in taking this story all the way through—from before Indians and Europeans made contact, through the construction and collapse of the mission system, and then to the present day—it is, in fact, a story of conflicting, blending, and overlapping cultures, of imperial expansion and human drama and loss, and then, finally, of the perseverance and survival of not only European institutions in California, but the California Indians who were the focus of Serra’s missions.”
E X H I B I T I O N F L O W (more…)
Exhibition | America: Painting a Nation
The exhibition, organized by several American institutions including the Terra Foundation for American Art, debuted as Art Across America at the National Museum of Korea, in Seoul, and then traveled to Korea’s Daejeon Museum of Art. From the press materials of the Art Gallery of New South Wales:
America: Painting a Nation
Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 8 November 2013 — 9 February 2014
Portrait of a Black Sailor (Paul Cuffe?), ca. 1800 (LACMA)
This exhibition is a voyage through American history, across the American landscape and into the minds of the American people. It begins in the 18th century, among pious farmers and republican merchants. It traverses the continent, alongside Native Americans and frontiersman. It explores the great cities, and the lives of workers and bohemian artists. Answering the question, ‘What makes Americans American?’ is complex, but these paintings are a guide, revealing the self-reliance and communal beliefs, optimism and anxieties, that makes America tick.
Chris McAuliffe, Curatorial consultant
America: Painting a Nation is the most expansive survey of American painting ever presented in Australia. It is part of the Sydney International Art Series which brings the world’s outstanding exhibitions to Australia, exclusive to Sydney, and has been made possible with the support of the NSW Government through Destination NSW. Over 80 works, ranging from 1750 to 1966, cover more than 200 years of American art, history and experience. The exhibition sets a course from New England to the Western frontier, from the Grand Canyon to the burlesque theatres of New York, from the aristocratic elegance of colonial society to the gritty realism of the modern metropolis. This exhibition will reveal the breadth of American history, the hardy morality of the frontier, the intimacy of family life, the intensity of the 20th-century city, the epic scale of its landscape and the diversity of its people. The works being presented – many by American masters – are the works Americans love and works that represent the stories they have grown up with.
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From the Art Gallery of NSW:
Angela Miller and Chris McAuliffe, America: Painting a Nation (Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales, 2013), 264 pages, ISBN 978-1741741018, $45.
Spectacular landscapes, epic stories and diverse peoples feature in this expansive historical survey of American painting. The 89 artworks by some 74 artists traverse over 200 years of rich history, from the colonial era to the mid 20th century. Readers will encounter the sublime poetry and drama of the land, the ambition and optimism of the country’s pioneers, the challenges of the frontier, the intimacy of family life and the intensity of the modern city. The roots of the American character and nation will be revealed through images ranging from the Grand Canyon to the Brooklyn Bridge, from classic portraits to modern abstraction.
America: Painting a Nation includes works by artists such as Mary Cassatt, Winslow Homer, Edward Hopper, Georgia O’Keeffe, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, John Singer Sargent and James McNeill Whistler from the collections of some of the finest art museums in the USA: The Terra Foundation, Chicago; the Philadelphia Museum of Art; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; and The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.
Essays by Angela Miller and Chris McAuliffe, combined with entries on each of the artworks and biographies on each artist, illuminate this fascinating survey of American painting from 1750 to 1967.
Exhibition | Soufflot: An Architect of the Enlightenment
From the press release:
Soufflot: Un architecte dans la lumière
Panthéon, Paris, 11 September — 24 November 2013
Curated by Alexandre Gady
Le troisième centenaire de la naissance de Jacques-Germain Soufflot (1713–1780), que le Ministère de la Culture a inscrit parmi les célébrations nationa les 2013, est l’occasion pour le Centre des monuments nationaux (CMN) de revenir sur cet architecte majeur des Lumières, dont le chef d’œuvre, Sainte-Geneviève, devenu le Panthéon, est un des monuments emblématiques du réseau du CMN.
Alors qu’une grande campagne de restauration est en cours au Panthéon, Alexandre Gady, commissaire de l’exposition y présente Jacques-Germain Soufflot et ses ambitions créatrices en combinant rigueur scientifique et accessibilité pour un large public. Cette figure majeure de l’architecture française du XVIIIe siècle est ainsi remise en lumière, en montrant la richesse de son œuvre, qui ne se limite pas au Panthéon. L’exposition suit un double parti, chronologique mais surtout thématique, afin d’éclairer la création de l’architecte et ses enjeux intellectuels.
Près de 150 œuvres sont présentées: peintures, sculptures, dessins, gravures, livres anciens, objets d’art, maquettes, provenant de grandes institutions françaises, ainsi que de particuliers : outre le CMN lui-même, citons les musées du Louvre, du château de Versailles, le Musée Carnavalet, les Archives nationales, la Bibliothèque nationale de France, le musée Gadagne de Lyon, le musée archéologique de Rouen…
Le Panthéon est enfin lui-même mis en scène, depuis la maquette de Rondelet jusqu’à la tombe de Soufflot dans la crypte, pour parachever la visite et sa démonstration.
Additional information is available here»
Exhibition | Napoleon’s Three Sisters in Italy
Now on view in Paris (with thanks to Hélène Bremer for noting it) . . .
Les Soeurs de Napoléon: Trois Destins Italiens
Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris, 3 October 2013 — 26 January 2014
Curated by Maria Teresa Caracciolo
Le musée Marmottan Monet consacre, du 3 octobre 2013 au 26 janvier 2014, une exposition exceptionnelle et inédite à Elisa, Pauline et Caroline, soeurs de Napoléon Ier, princesses et reines d’Italie. Grâce à des prêts d’exception provenant des plus grands musées d’Europe et des collections des descendants de la famille, italiens et français, 140 oeuvres sont réunies pour recréer l’univers prestigieux de la vie privée et publique des soeurs Bonaparte. Leurs trois destins hors du commun sont présentés pour la première fois, de leur genèse dans le Paris consulaire à leurs règnes italiens sous l’Empire.
Tableaux, sculptures, mobilier, accessoires, bijoux et parures de cour matérialisent sous nos yeux les destins extraordinaires d’Elisa (1777–1820), princesse de Piombino et de Lucques, puis grande-duchesse de Toscane, de Pauline (1780–1825) épouse du prince romain Camille Borghèse et de Caroline (1782–1839), mariée au général Joachim Murat et qui régna avec lui sur Naples avec un faste inégalé : trois femmes, trois personnalités différentes, l’une primant par la beauté, les deux autres par l’énergie, le charme et l’intelligence. Elles ont été les témoins privilégiés et les actrices de leur époque.
Autour de l’événement-charnière du sacre de Napoléon renaissent à la fois l’intime : leurs rôles de mères et d’épouses, comme l’officiel : leurs vies de princesses et reines d’Italie, dans les cours de Florence, Rome et Naples qui feront des trois soeurs des symboles de l’Europe en construction.
Cette exposition qui bénéficie de l’engouement remarquable de nombreuses institutions, collections particulières et musées prestigieux voit le jour aujourd’hui dans l’écrin idéal du musée Marmottan Monet, coeur de l’univers de Paul Marmottan (1856–1932) son fondateur, collectionneur passionné par le Premier Empire. Sont réunies, entre autres, des pièces des musées nationaux des châteaux de Versailles, Fontainebleau, Malmaison, du musée Fesch d’Ajaccio, du musée Fabre de Montpellier, de l’Ambassade de Grande-Bretagne à Paris, du Musée de l’armée, de celui de la Légion d’honneur, des Fondations Napoléon et Dosne-Thiers, du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Liège, du Palazzo Pitti de Florence, du Museo Napoleonico, du Museo Praz, des Musei di Arte Medievale e Moderna de Rome, des musées de Turin, Naples, Lucques, Caserte et de l’Ile d’Elbe, sans omettre les fonds propres de la bibliothèque Marmottan et du musée Marmottan Monet.
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The catalogue, in French and English, is published by Hazan:
Maria Teresa Caracciolo, ed., Les soeurs de Napoléon: Trois Destins Italiens (Paris: Hazan, 2013), 216 pages, ISBN: 978-2754107112, 29€.
Exposition « Les sœurs de Napoléon. Trois destins italiens », au musée Marmottan Monet à Paris, du 03 octobre 2013 au 02 février 2014. Les sœurs de Napoléon Ier, Élisa, Pauline et Caroline, eurent toutes trois un destin italien : la première fut élevée par son frère au rang de princesse de Lucques, puis de grande-duchesse de Toscane, représentante de l’Empereur en Italie. La deuxième épousa un prince romain, Camille Borghèse, et vécut avec lui entre Paris et Rome, en s’attirant dans les deux villes le titre de reine de la beauté. Enfin la cadette, mariée au général Joachim Murat, régna avec lui sur Naples avec un faste inégalé. L’exposition évoque les trois destins des sœurs Bonaparte, forgés dans le Paris consulaire et brillamment parachevés en Italie sous l’Empire. Comme les autres membres de la famille Bonaparte, les sœurs de Napoléon appréciaient les belles résidences et pratiquèrent un mécénat éclairé. A Paris et en Italie, elles laissèrent la marque de leur passage par la création de décors, de peintures, de sculptures et d’objets d’art. La grande-duchesse de Toscane et la reine de Naples stimulèrent la production des manufactures de leurs Etats et encouragèrent dans leurs cours le théâtre, la musique et les arts de la mode, en menant en Italie une politique de conquête pacifique, la conquête par la culture et les idées. L’exposition réunit des portraits des trois sœurs, seules ou en groupe, avec leurs familles et leurs amis, dans les lieux où elles vécurent et qui furent métamorphosés par leur goût. Elle rassemble des œuvres d’art créées sous leur impulsion, des objets et des accessoires de leur vie quotidienne, des bijoux qui relevaient leurs somptueuses tenues de cour. Ces œuvres sont aujourd’hui partagées entre les plus grands musées d’Europe et les collections des descendants de la famille, italiens et français. Leur réunion dans les salles de l’ancien hôtel de Paul Marmottan, devenu musée Marmottan Monet, ressuscite une page d’histoire et la splendeur d’une époque. Elle nous fait entrer dans la vie privée d’une famille qui partagea le destin exceptionnel de l’empereur Napoléon Ier. Version bilngue français/anglais.
Commissaire de l’exposition et auteur du catalogue, Maria Teresa Caracciolo est Historienne de l’art, chargée de recherche au CNRS, spécialiste de la peinture européenne du XVIIIe et du XIXe siècle et des relations franco-italiennes sous la Révolution et l’Empire. Elle est l’auteur, parmi d’autres ouvrages, de Giuseppe Cades (1750–1799) et la Rome de son temps (Paris, Arthena, 1992, ouvrage issu d’une thèse de doctorat); du Romantisme (Citadelles et Mazenod, 2013); du catalogue de l’exposition Jean-Baptiste Wicar: Ritratti della famiglia Bonaparte (Roma, Museo Napoleonico-Napoli, Museo Diego Aragona Pignatelli Cortes, 2004); et du catalogue de l’exposition Lucien Bonaparte (1775–1840): un homme libre, (Ajaccio, Musée Fesch, 2010).
Exhibition | Strange and Wondrous: Prints of India
From the exhibition press release:
Strange and Wondrous: Prints of India From the Robert J. Del Bontà Collection
Smithsonian’s Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Washington, D.C., 19 October 2013 — 5 January 2014
Four Scenes from India. After Jacob van Meurs (ca. 1619–before 1680). Copperplate engraving with etching on paper. From a French copy of Pieter van der Aa (1659–1733), La Galerie Agréable du Monde (The Pleasurable Gallery of the World),vol. 19: Persia, Mogol, Chine, Tartaria (Leyden: Pieter van der Aa, ca. 1725). Robert J. Del Bontà collection, E1431.
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Strange and Wondrous: Prints of India From the Robert J. Del Bontà Collection, on view at the Smithsonian’s Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, presents 50 printed works that trace European and American documentation of Indian ascetics, deities and religious ceremony.
As global travel boomed from the 16th to the 20th century, Europeans and Americans became increasingly fascinated with Indian culture. Merchants, missionaries and soldiers alike documented their encounters in India and foreign lands through detailed texts and illustrations. These accounts—regularly edited, amended and reprinted in publications as varied as atlases, trading cards, memoirs and magazines—became the paradigm for all that Europeans and Americans found strange, exotic, repulsive or remarkable in India.
“Hindoo devottees of the Gosannee & Jetty tribes,” James Shury, after James Forbes (1749–1819). Drawn by James Forbes, 1780, and published by White, Cochrane & Co., June 1812. Engraving with etching on paper. From an English copy of James Forbes, Oriental Memoirs, vol. 2 (London: Richard Bentley, 1834).
Created using a wide variety of techniques, such as engraving, aquatint, lithography and photogravure, these prints demonstrate how perceptions of Indian culture shifted through the centuries, from the European Enlightenment to the period of colonial expansion and into modernity.
“As a collector, Del Bontà not only pays immense attention to the subjects that captivated Europeans and Americans, but also to the multiple versions of popular prints as they travelled across countries, languages and time,” said Holly Shaffer, guest curator and Yale University doctoral candidate. “His collection allows scholars to trace how Europeans and Americans learned about India, and reminds us to always question the ‘truth-value’ of images that often have a very long train to their visual history.”
The spread of images represented in Strange and Wondrous led to broader knowledge and interest in Indian culture—but also to the creation and proliferation of negative stereotypes. Ascetics, or religious figures (often termed “yogis and “fakirs”), with their otherworldly, naked appearance and austere practices, were depicted as supernatural beings, devout penitents, militants, tricksters and beggars. Religious ceremonies, such as swinging from hooks (charak puja), were often interpreted in a Christian framework, rather than a Hindu one, leading to misconceptions of devotees as sinners and fanatics. Deities such as the Hindu god Shiva were cataloged as lovers and drug users feeding generalizations of India as a sensual, spiritual land.
American publications added another layer of satire to their interpretation of exotic cultural practices. A 1943 cover of the Saturday Evening Post illustrated by Norman Rockwell shows the beloved World War II character Willie Gillis outwitting an Indian ascetic with the children’s game “cat’s cradle,” a visual pun of the infamous “Indian rope trick.” Here an American GI has duped the once-powerful Indian yogi, and while it is perhaps a nod to American soldiers’ wily abilities during wartime, the stereotype of India remains intact.
Strange and Wondrous will be on view in conjunction with Yoga: The Art of Transformation—the world’s first exhibition on the art of yoga—also at the Sackler Gallery.
The 50 works on view in Strange and Wondrous are part of Del Bontà’s bequest of 100 printed works to the Freer and Sackler archives. The collection will be a resource for scholars and educators to evaluate and understand early European and American perspectives of Indian culture through print. Del Bontà—a polymath scholar, curator, collector and jeweler—began to collect prints related to India while completing his doctorate in South Asian art history at the University of Michigan in the 1970s. His extensive collection includes more than 2,000 loose prints and thousands more bound within books, spanning genres from Indian calendar prints, ephemera, painting and sculpture to British Raj-era publications and subjects such as ornament, flora and fauna, Indian ascetics, deities and religious ceremony.
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