Exhibition | Porcelain from Versailles: Vases for a King & Queen
Five Lidded Vases, 1781, Sèvres porcelain manufactory; soft-paste porcelain. A set of vases des âges (‘vases of the ages’), this garniture of five vases, originally owned by King Louis XVI, includes three sizes referencing different stages of life: a large central vase with handles in the shape of bearded male heads, a pair of smaller vases with heads of young women, and a pair of still smaller vases with the heads of boys. The scenes painted on the fronts of the vases show episodes from The Adventures of Telemachus, one of the king’s favorite books. The Getty Museum owns three of the original five vases, while the two smallest now belong to the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. More information is available here»
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Now on view at The Getty:
Porcelain from Versailles: Vases for a King & Queen
Getty Center, Los Angeles, 14 February 2023 — 3 March 2024
Lidded Vase, 1775–76, Sèvres porcelain manufactory; hard-paste porcelain with gilt-bronze mounts (National Museum of the Palaces of Versailles and Trianon). This is the center vase from a garniture of three vessels owned by Queen Marie-Antoinette.
This exhibition brings together two of the most extraordinary surviving sets of vases owned by King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette of France during the late 1700s. The vases are among the highest achievements of the Sèvres porcelain manufactory made before the French Revolution, becoming personal treasures of the royal family at the time. They were initially kept at the Palace of Versailles outside Paris, the royal family’s primary residence, and are a testament to the exemplary skills of the artists who took part in their creation. This exhibition reunites all eight vases, which were separated during the Revolution, offering the rare opportunity to appreciate the craftsmanship and design of the ensembles.
The loan of the queen’s vases is part of an artistic exchange between the J. Paul Getty Museum and Versailles, where an important desk made for Louis XVI from the Museum’s collection is currently on long-term loan. This exhibition is presented in English and Spanish. Esta exhibición se presenta en inglés y en español.
Exhibition | The Petit Trianon during the Empire
Installation view of The Petit Trianon during the Empire, 2023
(Photo by Sebastien Giles)
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On view this summer at the Château de Versailles:
The Petit Trianon during the Empire
Petit Trianon, Château de Versailles, 13 May — 17 September 2023
Presented by the Palace of Versailles, The Petit Trianon during the Empire tells the story of the restoration undertaken to turn Trianon into a country residence for Napoleon and Marie-Louise. The exhibition explains the work ordered by the emperor to restore the houses in the Hamlet, the farm, and the orangery—work that had become essential after twenty years of neglect.
During the Empire, the Petit Trianon was chosen as a country residence by Napoleon Bonaparte and his wife, Marie-Louise of Habsburg. Two decades of neglect, however, had left the houses in the Hamlet, the farm, and the orangery in urgent need of restoration. The work was carried out between 1805 and 1811, overseen by the architect Guillaume Trepsat and his assistant, Alexandre Dufour.
Installation view of The Petit Trianon during the Empire, 2023 (Photo by Sebastien Giles).
The working dairy, the barn, and the farmer’s cottage were all demolished. The farm was converted into a guard house, while the rest of the structures were restored and the thatched rooves repaired. The external staircases were removed, apart from the spiral staircase on the Queen’s House, which was replaced by a straight, covered staircase. The houses in the Hamlet reverted to the same use as under the Ancien Régime, with all the furniture and wall hangings replaced by classical, Empire-style pieces made by the cabinet-makers Jacob-Desmalter and Marcion, and the bronze-worker Galle.
Napoleon and Marie-Louise hosted several parties at the theatre and in the French Garden between 2 and 11 August 1810, and again, the following year, on 25 August, in the English Garden and the restored Hamlet, to celebrate the birth of their son. These parties harked back to the wonderful celebrations organised by Marie-Antoinette. The restoration work meant the heritage of the Petit Trianon was both protected and revived.
The Petit Trianon with the French Pavilion in the foreground at the left (Photo: Thomas Garnier).
During the French Revolution, from 1792, the Petit Trianon and the Queen’s Hamlet were emptied of their inhabitants and all their contents. The furniture, artworks, and everyday household items, such as mattresses, sheets, and cookware, as well as the fish in the lakes, were all auctioned off. The palace was rented to a restaurateur, while the garden became a public recreation area. The French Pavilion was turned into a café, the farm was rented to and worked by a farmer, and another restaurateur moved into the Queen’s House in the Hamlet.
By the beginning of the 19th century, the Hamlet was overgrown and decrepit. The roofs of several of the houses had collapsed and the external staircases were rotten. Two of the agricultural buildings—the barn and the working dairy—lay in ruins and the farm had been partially destroyed by fire. Sketches made by the English traveller and draughtsman John Claude Nattes in 1802 illustrate this state of neglect.
Exhibition | 1923 —The Domaine de Sceaux: Origins of a Renaissance
From Silvana Editoriale:
1923 — The Domaine de Sceaux: Origins of a Renaissance
Musée du Domaine départemental de Sceaux, 10 March — 9 July 2023
The Domaine de Sceaux was acquired in 1923 by the Hauts-de-Seine department, leading to the estate’s restoration and its opening to the public. This exhibition (installed in the former stables) brings together archival documents, posters, photographs, drawings, and paintings to tell the story of the place during this last eventful century. The exhibition traces the history of the estate from its first major transformation to the 1950s.
L’histoire du Domaine de Sceaux entre 1850 et 1950 reste peu connue du grand public. Après la Révolution, la propriété traversa plusieurs phases de déclin et de renouveau. Les aménagements d’aujourd’hui s’inspirent donc à la fois du parc ancien et des ouvrages classés du XVIIe s., et ils intègrent aussi le décor du XIXe s., introduit par les ducs de Trévise. Si vous êtes familier des lieux ou en quête d’histoire sur le Grand Paris, vous ressentirez d’autant plus cette métamorphose : celle d’un somptueux château à la campagne devenu un site muséal préservé et ouvert à tous.
Site historique et patrimonial majeur de la région parisienne, le Domaine départemental de Sceaux fut créé en 1670 par Jean-Baptiste Colbert, qui y appela les plus grands artistes de son temps, d’André Le Nôtre à Charles Le Brun, de Jules Hardouin-Mansart à Antoine Coysevox. Passé entre les mains du marquis de Seignelay, fils du ministre de Louis XIV, puis entre celles du duc et de la duchesse du Maine, du duc de Penthièvre et enfin du duc et de la duchesse de Trévise, cet ensemble remarquable, bientôt menacé par l’extension galopante de la banlieue, était appelé à une disparition quasi certaine lorsqu’en 1923, à la suggestion du maire de Sceaux, il fut acquis in extremis par le département de la Seine à la princesse de Cystria, née Trévise, dernière propriétaire. 2023 marque ainsi le centenaire du passage de ce domaine exceptionnel du statut de propriété privée à celui de bien public, devenu en 1970 l’un des fleurons du département des Hauts-de-Seine qui en assure depuis l’entretien et la valorisation. L’exposition revient sur le contexte, sur les raisons et sur les conditions de cette acquisition qui permit l’heureuse renaissance du domaine de Sceaux.
David Baurain and Céline Barbin, eds., 1923 — Le Domaine de Sceaux: Aux origines d’une renaissance (Milan: Silvana Editoriale, 2023), 208 pages, ISBN: 978-8836654239, €30.
New Book | The Coming of the Railway
From Yale UP:
David Gwyn, The Coming of the Railway: A New Global History, 1750–1850 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2023), 416 pages, ISBN: 978-0300267891, $35.
The first global history of the epic early days of the iron railway.
Railways, in simple wooden or stone form, have existed since prehistory. But from the 1750s onward the introduction of iron rails led to a dramatic technological evolution—one that would truly change the world. In this rich new history, David Gwyn tells the neglected story of the early iron railway from a global perspective. Driven by a combination of ruthless enterprise, brilliant experimenters, and international cooperation, railway construction began to expand across the world with astonishing rapidity. From Britain to Australia, Russia to America, railways would bind together cities, nations, and entire continents. Rail was a tool of industry and empire as well as, eventually, passenger transport, and developments in technology occurred at breakneck speed—even if the first locomotive in America could muster only 6 mph. The Coming of the Railway explores these fascinating developments, documenting the early railway’s outsize social, political, and economic impact—carving out the shape of the global economy as we know it today.
David Gwyn is a historian of the industrial and modern period. He is actively involved in the railway heritage movement, serving as a trustee of the Ffestiniog Railway and as chairman of the Bala Lake Railway Company.
c o n t e n t s
List of Illustration and Maps
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Trade, Transport, and Coal, 1767–1815
2 ‘Rails Best Adapted to the Road’: Cast-iron Rails and Their Alternatives in Britain, 1762–1832
3 Canal Feeders, Quarry Railways, and Construction Sites
4 ‘Art Has Supplied the Place of Horses’: Traction, 1767–1815
5 War and Peace, 1814–1834
6 ‘Geometrical Precision: Wrought-Iron Rails, 1808–1834
7 ‘Most Suitable for Hilly Countries’: Rope and Chain Haulage, 1815–1834
8 ‘That Truly Astonishing Machine’: Locomotives, 1815–1834
9 Coal Carriers, 1815–1834
10 Internal Communications, 1815–1834
11 The First Main Lines, 1824–1834
12 Coming of Age: The Public Railway, 1830–1834
13 ‘The New Avenues of Iron Road’, 1834–1850
14 ‘You Can’t Hinder the Railroad’
A Note on Sources and Terminology
Notes
Bibliography
Index
New Book | Frames that Speak
From Brill, with the ebook available for free as an open-access publication:
Chet Van Duzer, Frames that Speak: Cartouches on Early Modern Maps (Leiden: Brill, 2023), 272 pages, ISBN: 978-9004505186, $144.
This lavishly illustrated book is the first systematic exploration of cartographic cartouches, the decorated frames that surround the title, or other text or imagery, on historic maps. It addresses the history of their development, the sources cartographers used in creating them, and the political, economic, historical, and philosophical messages their symbols convey. Cartouches are the most visually appealing parts of maps, and also spaces where the cartographer uses decoration to express his or her interests—so they are key to interpreting maps. The book discusses thirty-three cartouches in detail, which range from 1569 to 1821, and were chosen for the richness of their imagery. The book will open your eyes to a new way of looking at maps.
Chet Van Duzer is a leading historian of cartography and manages the projects involving maps and globes for the Lazarus Project at the University of Rochester, which brings multispectral imaging to cultural institutions around the world.
C O N T E N T S
Acknowledgments
List of Figures
Introduction
• Definition of ‘Cartouche’
• Names for Cartouches
• Two Ornamental Motifs of Sixteenth-Century Cartouches
• Early Cartouches, and Some Cartouche Firsts
• The Sources of Cartouches
• The Development of the Cartouche, Sixteenth to Nineteenth Centuries
• The Decline of Cartouches
• The Ontology of Cartouches
• Cartouches and Emblems: Two Distinct Genres
• The Cartouches in the Body of This Book
• The Hand-Coloring of Cartouches
• The Theatricality of Cartouches
1 Covering Emptiness with a Hope for Peace: Gerard Mercator, Nova et aucta orbis terrae descriptio ad usum navigantium, 1569
2 The Gaze of the Sea Monster: Ignazio Danti’s map of Sardinia in the Galleria delle carte geografiche, 1580–82
3 An Exotic Medicine from the Tombs of Egypt Daniel Cellarius, Asiae nova descriptio, c.1590
4 New Personifications of the Continents: Jodocus Hondius, Nova et exacta totius orbis terrarum descriptio, 1608
5 Cosmographers in the Southern Ocean: Pieter van den Keere, Nova totius orbis mappa, c.1611
6 Ingratitude Bites Kindness: Jodocus Hondius, Novissima ac exactissima totius orbis terrarum descriptio, 1611 / 1634
7 Eurocentrism on Display: Arnold Floris van Langren, terrestrial globe, 1630–32
8 The Giddy Pleasures of Mise en Abyme: Willem Hondius, Nova totius Brasiliae et locorum a Societate Indiae Occidentalis captorum descriptio, 1635
9 The Cartographer’s Self-Portrait: Georg Vischer, Archiducatus Austriae inferioris, 1670 / 1697
10 Scheming for Control in the New World: Claude Bernou, Carte de l’Amerique septentrionale et partie de la meridionale, c.1682
11 Unveiling Text, Interpreting Allegory: Vincenzo Coronelli, terrestrial globe, 1688
12 Concealing and Revealing the Source of the Nile: Vincenzo Coronelli, L’Africa divisa nelle sue parti, 1689
13 Propaganda in a Cartouche: Vincenzo Coronelli, Paralello geografico dell’antico col moderno archipelago, 1692
14 If It Bleeds, It Leads: David Funck, Infelicis regni Siciliae tabula, c.1693
15 Celebrating a Triumph of Engineering: Jean-Baptiste Nolin, Le canal royal de Languedoc, 1697
16 The Battle between Light and Darkness: Heinrich Scherer, Repraesentatio totius Africae, 1703
17 A Map in the Map as Prophesy: Nicolas Sanson and Antoine de Winter, Geographiae Sacrae Tabula, 1705
18 ‘One of the Most Singular Stories of Extreme Hardships’: Pieter van der Aa, Scheeps togt van Iamaica gedaan na Panuco en Rio de las Palmas, 1706
19 Crimson Splendor: Nicolas Sanson, Téatre de la Guerre en Flandre & Brabant, c.1710
20 Generals Presenting Maps to the Emperor: Johann Baptist Homann, Leopoldi Magni Filio Iosepho I. Augusto Romanorum & Hungariae Regi …, c.1705–11
21 How to Build a Giant Cartouche: Nicolas de Fer, Carte de la mer du Sud et de la mer du Nord, 1713
22 Advertising Makes Its Entrance: George Willdey, Map of North America, 1715
23 The Collapse of the Mississippi Bubble: Matthäus Seutter, Accurata delineatio Ludovicianae vel Gallice Louisiane, c.1728
24 ‘The Link of the Human Race for Both Utility and Pleasure’: Matthäus Seutter, Postarum seu cursorum publicorum diverticula en mansiones per Germaniam, c.1731
25 Kill the Cannibals and Convert the Rest: Jean-Baptiste Nolin, II, L’Amerique dressée sur les relations les plus recentes, 1740
26 The Cartographer and the Shogun: Matthäus Seutter, Regni Japoniae nova mappa geographica, c.1745
27 The Illusionistic Roll of the Cartouche: Gilles and Didier Robert de Vaugondy, Carte de la terre des Hebreux ou Israelites, 1745
28 A Cartographic Balancing Act: Matthäus Seutter, Partie orientale de la Nouvelle France ou du Canada, c.1756
29 Impartial Border, Partisan Cartouche: Juan de la Cruz Cano y Olmedilla, Mapa geográfico de America Meridional, 1775
30 A Tactile Illusion That Legitimates the Map: Henry Pelham, A Plan of Boston in New England with its Environs, 1777
31 Fighting Back against Colonial Cartography: José Joaquim da Rocha, Mappa da Comarca do Sabará pertencente a Capitania de Minas Gerais, c.1778
32 The Actors Begin to Leave the Stage: Jean Janvier, Maps of 1761, 1769, and 1774; Robert de Vaugondy, Map of 1778; John Purdy, Map of 1809
33 A Map on a Map on a Map: John Randel, Jr., The City of New York as Laid Out by the Commissioners, 1821
Conclusions
Index
Call for Essays | Art and Memory in Early Modern Central Europe
From ArtHist.net:
Art and Memory in Early Modern Central Europe
Edited Volume
Proposals due by 1 September 2023; completed essays due by 1 December 2023
This edited volume will explore the culture of commemoration in early modern Central Europe as a testimony to the tectonic changes in the period’s social, religious, and political life. Memorials, tomb sculptures, and portraits reflected not only the desire of early modern elites to maintain family memory and highlight their confessional identity but also the emergence of ‘collective memory’ and national identity crystallised and secured in artefacts.
During the early modern period, which was marked by political conflicts and upheavals and profound changes in religious culture exemplified by the Reformation, the culture of commemoration including its visual expression changed substantially. While Western European commemorative practices were the focus of several recent edited volumes, the Central and Eastern European culture of commemoration remains rather understudied and leaves us asking about the possible dialogue if not entanglement in the domain of commemoration between Western and East-Central Europe in early modern times.
Therefore, we encourage submissions on the following topics:
• Art and Commemoration Practices
• Memory in Religious Controversies
• Memory and Social Identity
• Cultural Practices in Politics of Memory
• Art and the ‘Places of Memory’
We are looking for papers of 5,000–8,000 words including a bibliography. Interdisciplinary and transcultural contributions are particularly welcome. Please submit a 500-word abstract and a brief biography to Stefaniia Demchuk (demchuk@phil.muni.cz) by 1 September 2023. The selected authors will be expected to deliver a full paper by 1 December 2023. All submissions will be peer-reviewed.
Call for Papers | Publics of the First Public Museums: Sources
From the Call for Papers:
Publics of the First Public Museums: I. Institutional Sources, 18th–19th Centuries
Pubblici dei primi musei pubblici: I. Le fonti istituzionali, XVIII–XIX secolo
Rome, 19–20 October 2023
Proposals due by 30 July 2023
This international work-in-progress workshop on Publics of the First Public Museums: Institutional Sources, 18th–19th Centuries is part of the research project Visibility Reclaimed: Experiencing Rome’s First Public Museums, 1733–1870, directed by Carla Mazzarelli. It is the first of a series of three workshops that will explore research methods and sources relevant to the study of publics and their experiences in visiting the first public museums during the 18th and 19th centuries. Emphasizing an interdisciplinary and transnational perspective, the workshop aims to promote scholarly exploration beyond the mere visual dimensions commonly associated with exhibition spaces—urging researchers instead to delve into the material encounters within museum spaces, the practices of collecting, and the regulatory mechanisms implemented by institutions to govern public conduct during the 18th and 19th centuries. The first workshop revolves around research questions that arise from the analysis of sources produced directly by the institutions. These sources offer valuable insights into the institutions’ perspectives and attitudes towards the public, placing particular emphasis on:
1 Access procedures
2 Regulations governing public behaviour
3 Measures for the conservation/protection of artefacts
4 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of audiences
The workshop will explore primary sources such as regulations, access registers, visitor books, museum reports, institutional correspondences, formal requests for copying and/or studying artworks, and printed catalogues. A comparative analysis of equivalent sources from other institutions or places—libraries, academies, galleries, collections, villas and gardens as well as archaeological sites and places of worship—is encouraged.
Key questions to be addressed during the workshop include:
• How do these sources contribute to the reconstruction of the dynamic relationship between publics and museum institutions?
• Which analysis methods should be prioritised?
• How did the management of museum institutions evolve in response to the historical and political changes of the 18th and 19th centuries?
We invite submissions that align with the aforementioned areas and inquiries. Please note that:
• To facilitate dialogue among the most recent ongoing research in the field, the workshop is particularly geared towards doctoral students, young researchers, and scholars who are working on original topics and sources relevant to those proposed in the seminar.
• Preference will be given to applications that involve interdisciplinary research (e.g., the intersection of arts and history or arts and sciences) and proposals from disciplinary fields other than art history and architecture will be warmly welcomed, such as the history of institutions, the history of sciences, social sciences, and economic history.
• Case studies falling within the realm of Digital Humanities will be highly appreciated, including projects related to cataloguing, databases of sources pertaining to the publics of the first public museums or other institutions and sites that the project intends to study comparatively with museums (e.g., libraries, academies, galleries, villas, ancient and modern monuments).
• Case studies that prioritize transnational and/or transregional perspectives or address geographies that have received relatively less attention within the field of Museum Studies will also be particularly valued.
Interested participants should submit an abstract (of no more than 2000 characters, including spaces), a brief biography (maximum of 1500 characters, including spaces), and a minimum of three keywords to visibilityreclaimed@gmail.com by 30 July 2023. Notification of acceptance: 28 August 2023. Languages accepted: Italian, English, French, and Spanish.
For further information, please contact
Organising secretaries: Luca Piccoli and Ludovica Scalzo, visibilityreclaimed@gmail.com
Direction and scientific coordination: Prof. Dr. Carla Mazza, carla.mazzarelli@usi.ch
Organization Committee
Giovanna Capitelli (Università di Roma Tre)
Carla Mazzarelli (Università della Svizzera italiana)
Chiara Piva (Sapienza Università di Roma)
Organizing Secretaries
Luca Piccoli (Università della Svizzera italiana)
Ludovica Scalzo (Università di Roma Tre)
The workshop is part of the research project Visibility Reclaimed: Experiencing Rome’s First Public Museums, 1733–1870, An Analysis of Public Audiences in a Transnational Perspective (SNSF 100016_212922), directed by Carla Mazzarelli (Università della Svizzera italiana, Accademia di architettura di Mendrisio, Istituto di storia e teoria dell’arte e dell’architettura).
Project Partners
Giovanna Capitelli (Università di Roma Tre), Stefano Cracolici (Durham University), David Garcia Cueto (Museo del Prado), Christoph Frank (Università della Svizzera italiana), Daniela Mondini (Università della Svizzera italiana), Chiara Piva (Sapienza Università di Roma)
New Book | The Art of Colour
From Yale UP and Thames & Hudson:
Kelly Grovier, The Art of Colour: The History of Art in 39 Pigments (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2023), 256 pages, ISBN: 978-0300267785, £30 / $38.
As featured on BBC Worldwide, a captivating new history of art told through the storied biographies of colors and pigments
In this refreshing approach to the history of color, Kelly Grovier takes readers on an exciting search for the intriguing and unusual. In Grovier’s telling, a color’s connotations are never fixed but are endlessly evolving. Knowledge of a pigment and its history can unlock meaning in the works that feature it. Grovier employs the term ‘artymology’ to suggest that color is a linguistic device, where pigments stand in for syllables in art’s language. Color is the site of invigorating conflict—a battleground where past and present, influence and originality, and superstition and science merge into meanings that complicate and intensify our appreciation of a given work. How might it change our understanding of a well-known masterpiece like Vincent van Gogh’s Starry Night to know that the intense yellow moon in that painting was sculpted from clumps of dehydrated urine from cows that were fed nothing but mango leaves? Or that the cobalt blue pigment in Van Gogh’s sky shares a material bloodline with the glaze of Ming Dynasty porcelain? Consisting of ten chapters, each presenting a biography of a family of colors, this volume mines a rich vein of pigmentation from prehistoric cave painting to art of the present day. The book also includes beautifully designed features exploring important milestones in the history of color theory from the Enlightenment to the twentieth century.
Kelly Grovier is an acclaimed poet, columnist, and feature writer for BBC Culture. He is the author of several books, including A New Way of Seeing: The History of Art in 57 Works.
c o n t e n t s
Introduction: Artymology
1 Red
Red Ochre • Carmine • Rose Madder • Vermillion • Red Lead
Colourful Minds: Isaac Newton’s Opticks (1704)
2 Orange
Orpiment • Saffron • Chrome Orange • Cadmium Orange
Colourful Minds: Tobias Mayer’s The Affinity of Colour Commentary (1775)
3 Yellow
Yellow Ochre • Lead-tin Yellow • Naples Yellow • Indian Yellow • Chrome Yellow • Cadmium Yellow • Arylide Yellow
Colourful Minds: Mary Gartside’s Essay on a New Theory of Colour (1808)
4 Green
Verdigris • Malachite • Emerald Green • Veridian
Colourful Minds: Goethe’s Theory of Colours (1810)
5 Blue
Azurite • Ultramarine • Cobalt Blue • Prussian Blue • Artificial Ultramarines
Colourful Minds: Philipp Otto Runge’s Color Sphere (1810)
6 Purple
Tyrian Purple • Cobalt Violet
Colourful Minds: Michel Eugène Chevreul’s The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colours (1839)
7 Black
Charcoal • Bone Black
Colourful Minds: Emily Noyes Vanderpoel’s Color Problems (1902)
8 White
Lead White • Calcite • Kaolin
Colourful Minds: Albert Henry Munsell’s Atlas of the Munsell Color System (1915)
9 Brown
Umber • Van Dyke Brown • Mummia • Excrement
Colourful Minds: Johannes Itten’s Utopia 1921
10 Precious Metals
Gold • Silver
New Book | A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Enlightenment
From Bloomsbury Publishing:
Carole Biggam and Kirsten Wolf, eds., A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Enlightenment (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2022), 288 pages, ISBN: 978-1474273725, $110. Volume 4 in the Cultural History of Color set.
A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Enlightenment covers the period 1650 to 1800. From the Baroque to the Neo-classical, color transformed art, architecture, ceramics, jewelry, and glass. Newton, using a prism, demonstrated the seven separate hues, which encouraged the development of color wheels and tables, and the increased standardization of color names. Technological advances in color printing resulted in superb maps and anatomical and botanical images. Identity and wealth were signalled with color, in uniforms, flags, and fashion. And the growth of empires, trade, and slavery encouraged new ideas about color.
Color shapes an individual’s experience of the world and also how society gives particular spaces, objects, and moments meaning. The 6-volume set of the Cultural History of Color examines how color has been created, traded, used, and interpreted over the last 5000 years. The themes covered in each volume are color philosophy and science; color technology and trade; power and identity; religion and ritual; body and clothing; language and psychology; literature and the performing arts; art; architecture and interiors; and artefacts.
Carole P. Biggam is Honorary Senior Research Fellow in English Language and Linguistics at the University of Glasgow. Kirsten Wolf is Professor of Old Norse and Scandinavian Linguistics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
c o n t e n t s
1 Philosophy and Science — Anna Marie Roos
2 Technology and Trade — Alexander Engel
3 Power and Identity — Monika Barget
4 Religion and Ritual — Felicity Loughlin
5 Body and Clothing — Mechthild Fend and Amelia Rauser
6 Language and Psychology — João Paulo Silvestre
7 Literature and the Performing Arts — Timothy Campbell
8 Art — Karin Leonhard
9 Architecture and Interiors — Basile Baudez
10 Artefacts — Clive Edwards
Exhibition | Black Founders: The Forten Family of Philadelphia
Now on view at the Museum of The American Revolution:
Black Founders: The Forten Family of Philadelphia
Museum of The American Revolution, Philadelphia, 11 February — 26 November 2023
When James Forten (1766–1842) walked the streets of Philadelphia as a young man in the 1770s, he was surrounded by the sights and sounds of transformation. He heard the words of the Declaration of Independence read aloud for the first time in 1776 before setting sail to fight for independence in 1781. Born a free person of African descent, Forten built upon his coming-of-age in a revolutionary city and his wartime experience to forge himself into a changemaker in Philadelphia and the young United States, becoming a successful businessman, philanthropist, and stalwart abolitionist.
In our new special exhibition Black Founders: The Forten Family of Philadelphia, the Museum introduces visitors to Forten and his descendants as they navigated the American Revolution and cross-racial relationships in Philadelphia to become leaders in the abolition movement in the lead-up to the Civil War and the women’s suffrage movement. Using objects, documents, and immersive environments, Black Founders: The Forten Family of Philadelphia explores the Forten family’s roles in the Revolutionary War, business in Philadelphia, and abolition and voting rights from 1776 to 1876.
The exhibition features more than 100 historical artifacts, works of art, and documents from 38 different lenders, including both institutions and private collectors, as well as the Museum’s own collection. Rare historical objects on loan from descendants of the Forten family are on view for the very first time in a public exhibit.
The unique journey and exceptional story of this family of Revolutionaries explores the legacy of the American Revolution, the history of the American experiment of liberty, equality, and self-government, and the ongoing work to improve the nation’s dedication to the principle that “all men are created equal.”
Black Founders: The Forten Family of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: Museum of the American Revolution, 2023), ISBN: 978-1933153445, $38.
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