New Book | 1715: La France et la Monde
From Perrin:
Thierry Sarmant, 1715: La France et la Monde (Paris: Éditions Perrin, 2014), 400 pages, ISBN: 978-2262033316, 24€.
Versailles, 1 er septembre 1715. Après une longue agonie, Louis XIV s’éteint “comme une chandelle que l’on souffle”. Ainsi finit le “Grand Siècle” (XVIIe) et commence le “siècle des Lumières” (XVIIIe). À ces expressions est d’ordinaire attachée l’idée d’une prépondérance française, politique et militaire d’abord, culturelle et intellectuelle ensuite. Qu’en est-il réellement ?
En observant les relations que tisse la France avec le monde, en questionnant sa place et son rôle autour de l’année charnière 1715, Thierry Sarmant éclaire l’un des phénomènes les plus saisissants de l’histoire humaine : l’essor de l’Occident vers une hégémonie mondiale. Alors que la question du déclin de la France et de l’Europe est omniprésente, quoi de plus pertinent que de s’interroger sur les ressorts cachés de l’expansion et du déclin ? C’est le pari de ce livre, qui entraine le lecteur de Versailles à Moscou, d’Istanbul à Stockholm et de Pékin à Delhi.
Archiviste-paléographe, Docteur habilité de l’université de Paris-I, Thierry Sarmant est conservateur en chef au musée Carnavalet. Historien de l’Ancien Régime, il a publié en dernier lieu Régner et gouverner : Louis XIV et ses ministres (en collaboration, 2010) et Louis XIV. Homme et roi (2012).
CAA 2015, New York
103rd Annual Conference of the College Art Association
New York Hilton Midtown, 11–14 February 2015
The 2015 College Art Association conference takes place in New York, February 11–14, at the New York Hilton Midtown (1335 Avenue of the Americas).
An ASECS session on materiality, chaired by Kristel Smentek and Michael Yonan, is scheduled for Friday at 12:30; and a HECAA session in honor of Donald Posner, chaired by Andria Derstine and Rena Hoisington, is slated for Saturday at 12:30. As 90-minute panels, both are free and open to the public with no conference registration required.
This year there’s also a HECAA reception scheduled for Thursday, from 5:30 to 7:00 in the Lincoln Suite on the fourth floor of the Hilton. With a cash bar, it’s an open invitation; so please bring friends (and, as with the lunch sessions, attendance requires neither CAA membership nor conference registration).
Other sessions that may be of interest for dixhuitièmistes are also listed. A full schedule of panels is available here»
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Historians of Eighteenth-Century Art and Architecture
Donald Posner and the Study of Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French and Italian Art
Saturday, 14 February, 12:30–2:00, Sutton Parlor North
Chairs: Andria Derstine, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College; Rena M. Hoisington, The Baltimore Museum of Art
- A Return to Loreto: Guido Reni, Caravaggio, and Donald Posner
Rachel McGarry, Minneapolis Institute of Arts - The Portrait d’apparat after Rigaud: Iconographical and Ideological Variations in Images of Louis XV and Marie Leszczynska, ca. 1723–1747
Todd L. Larkin, Montana State University - Nicolas Lancret: Île de France or Île de Cythère?
Mary Tavener Holmes, independent scholar - Giambattista Tiepolo’s Two Designs for the Triumph of Hercules
William Barcham, independent scholar
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American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies
The Materiality of Art and Experience in the Eighteenth Century
Friday, 13 February, 12:30–2:00, Beekman Parlor
Chairs: Kristel Smentek, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Michael E. Yonan, University of Missouri–Columbia
- Other-Worldly Encounters: Materiality and Religious Experience
Hannah Williams, University of Oxford - ‘Neither Antique nor Gothic’: The Uncertainty of Sèvres Porcelain
Susan Michele Wager, Columbia University - A Visual Material Turn
Anne Higonnet, Barnard College
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O T H E R S E S S I O N S R E L A T E D T O T H E 1 8 T H C E N T U R Y
Original Copies: Art and the Practice of Copying
Wednesday, 11 February, 9:30–12:00, Sutton Parlor South
Chair: Stephanie Porras, Tulane University
- ‘A Miracle of a Copy’: Original Reproductions and Authentic Copies in the Holbein Dispute
Lena Bader, German Centre for the History of Art in Paris (DFK) - Producing Reproducibility: John Flaxman’s Designs between Classicism and Commerce
Brigid von Preussen, Columbia University - ‘The Duplication of Genius’: Domenico Brucciani (1815–80) and the Authorship and Agency of Plaster Casts, Rebecca Jayne Wade, Henry Moore Institute
- Remaking the Readymade: Marcel Duchamp and Man Ray’s Editioned Replicas
Adina Tamar Kamien-Kazhdan, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem - On Originality: Photography vs. Glass Painting in Twentieth-Century Senegal
Giulia Paoletti, Columbia University
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The Global History of Design and Material Culture
Thursday, 12 February, 9:30–12:00, Sutton Parlor North
Chair: Paul Stirton, Bard Graduate Center
- Writing and Editing the New History of Design: Decorative Arts and Material Culture 1400–2000
Patricia Anne Kirkham, Bard Graduate Center - Writing a World History of Design: What I Have Learned
Victor Margolin, University of Illinois at Chicago - Design Worlds: National Design Histories in an Age of Globalization
Grace Lees-Maffei, University of Hertfordshire; Kjetil Fallan, University of Oslo - A Global History of Design: Assembling Fragments
Daniel J. Huppatz, Swinburne University - The Canon and Beyond: A Proposal for Teaching the History of Modern Design
David Raizman, Drexel University
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Unfolding the Enlightenment
Thursday, 12 February, 9:30–12:00, Beekman Parlor
Chairs: Alyce Mahon, University of Cambridge; Nebahat Avcioglu, Hunter College, City University of New York
- William Hogarth’s ‘Bathos’ and the End of Beauty
Thomas R. Beachdel, The Graduate Center, City University of New York - Embodied Cognition: Vitalism and Neoclassical Fashion
Amelia F. Rauser, Franklin & Marshall College - Enlightenment Thought and the Visual Arts in Qajar Iran
Maryam D. Ekhtiar, The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Producing Monsters: Eric Avery’s Prints, The Sleep of Reason from Behind and Chimera
Rena M. Hoisington, The Baltimore Museum of Art - Ordnung und Reinlichkeit
Stefaan Vervoort, Ghent University
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Historians of British Art
Home Subjects: Domestic Space and the Arts in Britain, 1753–1900
Thursday, 12 February, 12:30–2:00, Rendezvous Trianon
Chairs: Morna O’Neill, Wake Forest University; Anne Nellis Richter, American University
- Astonishing Moderation: Robert Lord Clive at Claremont
Stephen M. Caffey, Texas A&M University - Housing the Art of the Nation: The Home as Museum in Gustav F. Waagen’s Treasures of Art in Great Britain
Emilie Oléron Evans, Queen Mary University of London - ‘An Alien in the Decorative Community’: The Problem of Pictures in British Domestic Advice Literature
Nicholas Tromans, Watts Gallery - Discussant: Melinda R. McCurdy, The Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Garden
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Association for Latin American Art
Emerging Scholars of Latin American Art
Thursday, 12 February, 12:30–2:00, Regent Parlor
Chair: Margaret Jackson, University of New Mexico
- Filling the Lacuna: The Guatemalan Black Christ and New Spanish Art History
Elena FitzPatrick Sifford, Louisiana State University - The Queen of Heaven and the Prince of Angels: Saintly Rivalry in Colonial Mexico
Aubrey Hobart, University of California, Santa Cruz - Violence and Virtue in the Northern Provinces of New Spain: The Politics of Franciscan Martyr Portraits during the Period of Bourbon Reforms
Emmanuel Ortega Rodríguez, University of New Mexico
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The Meaning of Prices in the History of Art
Thursday, 12 February, 2:30–5:00, Regent Parlor
Chairs: Christian Huemer, Getty Research Institute; Hans J. Van Miegroet, Duke University
- Prices for Paintings and Buyer Preferences in Eighteenth-Century Paris
Hilary Coe Cronheim, Duke University; Sandra van Ginhoven, Duke University - Market Valuation of Provenance: An Analysis of Collections Sold at Drouot between 1911 and 1925
Géraldine David, Université Libre de Bruxelles; Kim Oosterlinck, Université Libre de Bruxelles - The Dutch Art Market during the Second World War: A New Art Price Index Using Hedonic Regression
Jeroen Euwe, Université Libre de Bruxelles - The ‘Bildung’ of the American Collector
Titia E. Hulst, Institute of Fine Arts, New York University - Transmission of Value through Prices: Competition and Value Formation on the Art Market
Viktor Oliver Lorincz, Université Paris 1 Pantheon–Sorbonne and ELTE Budapest
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Artistic Exchange between the Spanish and British Empires, 1550–1900
Friday, 13 February, 9:30–12:00, Madison Suite
Chairs: Michael Brown, San Diego Museum of Art; Niria E. Leyva-Gutierrez, Long Island University, Post
- Medical Astrology in the Codex Mexicanus, from Britain to Spain to New Spain
Lori B. Diel, Texas Christian University - British Export Goods and Material Culture in Eighteenth-Century Spanish America
James Middleton, independent scholar - Learning from Las Palmas: Spanish Architectural Influence in the British Empire
George Alexander Bremner, University of Edinburgh
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The Art of Travel: People and Things in Motion in the Early Modern Mediterranean
Friday, 13 February, 9:30–12:00, Regent Parlor
Chair: Elisabeth Fraser, University of South Florida
- Spolia and Souvenirs: Refashioning Ottoman Tents in Early Modern Poland
Ashley M. Dimmig, University of Michigan - Redeeming the Redeemer: Religious Images and Captivity between Spain and North Africa
Daniel Hershenzon, University of Connecticut - The Sun King at Sea: Maritime Art and Slavery in the Seventeenth-Century Mediterranean
Gillian Weiss, Case Western Reserve University; Meredith S. Martin, New York University - Collecting Carthage: Thomas Reade as Cultural Intermediary for the Tunisian Elite
Ridha Moumni, Aix–Marseille University - The Photographic Mediterranean: Circulation and Mobility in Nineteenth-Century Photography
Michele A. Hannoosh, University of Michigan
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The Double-Sided Object in the Renaissance
Friday, 13 February, 9:30–12:00, Rendezvous Trianon
Chair: Shira Brisman, University of Wisconsin
- Dealing Honestly with Two-Faced Paintings: Thinking the Paragone Beyond Deception
Christopher J. Nygren, University of Pennsylvania - The Other Side of the Mirror
Diane Bodart, Columbia University - Verso vs. Versa
Maria H. Loh, University College London - Equivalence: Acts of Weighing in the Renaissance
Allison Stielau, Yale University - Double-Take: The Renaissance Print in Eighteenth-Century Germany
Gabriella K. Szalay, Columbia University
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American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies
The Materiality of Art and Experience in the Eighteenth Century
Friday, 13 February, 12:30–2:00, Beekman Parlor
Chairs: Kristel Smentek, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Michael E. Yonan, University of Missouri–Columbia
- Other-Worldly Encounters: Materiality and Religious Experience
Hannah Williams, University of Oxford - ‘Neither Antique nor Gothic’: The Uncertainty of Sèvres Porcelain
Susan Michele Wager, Columbia University - A Visual Material Turn
Anne Higonnet, Barnard College
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Global Baroques: Shared Artistic Sensibilities in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
Friday, 13 February, 2:30–5:00, Sutton Parlor North
Chair: Ünver Rüstem, University of Cambridge
- The Tree of Life and the World of Wonder: South Asian ‘Ajā’ib Imagery as Baroque Grotesque
Sylvia Houghteling, Yale University - Images of Exotic Animals between East and West: The Case of an Eighteenth-Century Korean Folding Screen
Rangsook Yoon, Cornell Fine Arts Museum, Rollins College - An Imperial Chinese Baroque at Yuanming Yuan
Greg M. Thomas, University of Hong Kong - A Slippery Surface: The Global Aesthetic of Blue-and-White at the Shrine of Sunan Gunung Jati, Java
Marsely L. Kehoe, Columbia University - Discussant: Ünver Rüstem, University of Cambridge
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White People: The Image of the European in Nonwestern Art during the Age of Exploration, 1400–1750
Friday, 13 February, 2:30–5:00, Gramercy A
Chairs: James Harper, University of Oregon; Philip Scher, University of Oregon
- The Auspicious Other: ‘White People’ on Sri Lankan Ivories
Sujatha Arundathi Meegama, Nanyang Technological University - Perfect Nobodies: Representations of Europeans in the Imperial Illustrations of Tributaries
Daniel Greenberg, Yale University - Cusco School Defense of the Eucharist Paintings: A Tribute to Tinku
Annick Marcela Benavides, Museo Pedro di Osma - Intimate Foreigners: Miniature Painting of Awadh, 1650–1770
Natalia Angela Di Pietrantonio, Cornell University
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Historians of Eighteenth-Century Art and Architecture
Donald Posner and the Study of Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century French and Italian Art
Saturday, 14 February, 12:30–2:00, Sutton Parlor North
Chairs: Andria Derstine, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College; Rena M. Hoisington, The Baltimore Museum of Art
- A Return to Loreto: Guido Reni, Caravaggio, and Donald Posner
Rachel McGarry, Minneapolis Institute of Arts - The Portrait d’apparat after Rigaud: Iconographical and Ideological Variations in Images of Louis XV and Marie Leszczynska, ca. 1723–1747
Todd L. Larkin, Montana State University - Nicolas Lancret: Île de France or Île de Cythère?
Mary Tavener Holmes, independent scholar - Giambattista Tiepolo’s Two Designs for the Triumph of Hercules
William Barcham, independent scholar
Exhibition | Hungarian Treasure: Silver from the Salgo Collection
Press release (24 November 2014) from The Met:
Hungarian Treasure: Silver from the Nicolas M. Salgo Collection
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 6 April — 4 October 2015
Curated by by Wolfram Koeppe
Nicolas M. Salgo (1915–2005), a Hungarian native and former United States ambassador to Budapest, was fascinated by the art of the goldsmith in Hungarian culture and formed his own “treasury” by collecting pieces that are individual and unique. Hungarian Treasure: Silver from the Nicolas M. Salgo Collection will celebrate the gift to The Metropolitan Museum of Art of the major part of the silver collection assembled by this focused collector over three decades.
This large collection of silver—about 120 pieces, most dating from the 15th to the late 18th century—comprises a variety of types with especially refined appearance and high levels of craftsmanship, representing Hungarian silver at its best. The earliest works in the Salgo collection are medieval: seven objects, including two rare chalices with mastered filigree enameling. The intriguing shapes, inventive decoration, and historical importance of the objects, products of once-prosperous local aristocratic dynasties, make this ensemble exceptional. As a result of this generous gift, the Metropolitan Museum is now the only museum outside Hungary to possess such an array of sumptuous goldsmiths’ work from the region.
The rich natural resources and a flourishing mining system in what it is today Hungary and Romania (including the major parts of Transylvania and the so-called Siebenbürgen area) attracted artisans from all over Europe who created decorative objects with what was to become a characteristic opulence. Because the Balkans and the neighboring dominions were a major battlefield between the West and the Ottomans for centuries, few of these objects have survived. Those that have endured—many of which are included in this exhibition—offer a fascinating look into the techniques and abilities of this distinct interpretation of Renaissance and Baroque ornamentation.
The abundant deposits of silver ore in the region sparked the development of an active goldsmith community, the forerunners of which were mainly masters of German origin who were working under the strong influence of the German-speaking cultural area. Many of these craftsmen and workers emigrated from Saxony, which at that time was one of Europe’s main mining centers. In addition to German styles, the shape and ornamentation of the objects typically show an Ottoman influence, since this region was regularly occupied by the Ottoman Empire. The ornate embellishment on many of the pieces is derived from contemporary prints, textiles (such as lace), and other luxury goods that were sought-after all over Europe.
Comparative material culled from other areas of the Metropolitan Museum’s collection—including the Arms and Armor Department, the Costume Institute, and the Robert Lehman Collection— will also be on view in the exhibition to illustrate the multi-regional, wide-ranging influence on Hungarian silver during this period.
Hungarian Treasure: Silver from the Nicolas M. Salgo Collection is organized by Wolfram Koeppe, the Marina Kellen French Curator in the Metropolitan Museum’s Department of European Sculpture and Decorative Arts. The exhibition will be accompanied by an extensive web feature on the Museum’s website, including a scholarly essay on the subject of Hungarian goldsmiths’ work, a history of the collection and its collector, and catalogue entries. This online feature is made possible by the Salgo Trust for Education, New York.
Exhibition | A Passion for Jade: Heber Bishop and His Collection
Press release (22 November 2014) from The Met:
A Passion for Jade: Heber Bishop and His Collection
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 14 March 2015 — 8 May 2016
An installation of some 100 precious carvings in Chinese and Mogul jade and other hardstones, collected by Heber R. Bishop, will go on view at The Metropolitan Museum of Art beginning March 14. Featuring various types of objects—from containers for everyday use and pendants to ornaments intended for an emperor’s desk—A Passion for Jade: Heber Bishop and His Collection will illustrate the wide range of the lapidary’s repertoire.
An industrialist and entrepreneur, Mr. Bishop was an active patron of the arts and a Trustee of the Metropolitan Museum during its formative years. In the late 19th century, he assembled a collection of more than a thousand pieces of jade and other hardstones from China and elsewhere, and in 1902, he bequeathed the collection to the Museum.
Dating from Han dynasty (221–207 B.C.) to the 20th century, the objects on view in the installation will be selected entirely from the Museum’s collection. They will include outstanding Qing-dynasty (1644–1911) examples that are representative of the sophisticated art of Chinese lapidaries, as well as highly accomplished works by Mogul Indian jade carvers that provided an exotic inspiration to their Chinese counterparts. Also on display will be a set of Chinese lapidary tools and illustrations of jade workshops in China.
New Book | Le Luxe, les Lumières et la Révolution
From Les Éditions Champ Vallon:
Audrey Provost, Le Luxe, les Lumières et la Révolution (Seyssel: Éditions Champ Vallon, 2014), 272 pages, ISBN: 978-2876739796, 25€.
De sa réhabilitation par Voltaire dans son scandaleux poème du Mondain à son utilisation dans les pamphlets prérévolutionaires, le luxe est l’un des sujets les plus brûlants, les plus débattus du siècle des Lumières. D’innombrables auteurs, petits ou grands, se sont interrogés sur cet objet futile et sulfureux qui leur permet de parler de tout : des arts et des sciences, des femmes et de la confusion sociale, du bonheur et des inégalités, du progrès ou du déclin de l’esprit humain.
Alors que la monarchie a cessé d’édicter des lois somptuaires, alors que le discours de l’Église est marginalisé, des écrivains s’érigent en juges, en avocats et en législateurs de la « culture des apparences ». Ce faisant, ils s’adressent à l’opinion publique et proclament haut et fort les nouveaux pouvoirs de l’écriture : l’affrontement autour du luxe met en jeu les compétences et la légitimité des hommes de lettres à fixer des valeurs communes, en concurrence directe avec le pouvoir royal.
Au cœur de cette effervescence polémique, nous croisons les figures attachantes de ces petits polygraphes, ces « Rousseau des ruisseaux » qui tentent de prendre place dans la République des lettres ; nous faisons connaissance du « serial publicateur » que fut le chevalier du Coudray ; nous apprenons comment écrire un livre sur le luxe, à la manière d’un Rabelleau ; nous suivons la lutte entre Butel-Dumont et ses contradicteurs pour changer le sens du mot, et inventer des adjectifs et des étymologies transformées en autant de munitions dans cette guerre de libelles et de pamphlets.
À la fin des années 1780, les fastes de la monarchie ont cessé d’éblouir et le luxe de Marie-Antoinette, « l’Autrichienne » est devenu, sous la plume acérée des pamphlétaires, une arme politique redoutable, car ce débat foisonnant a aussi contribué au changement de culture politique qui mène à la Révolution.
Née en 1970, ancienne élève de l’ENS (Ulm), Audrey Provost est agrégée d’histoire.
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From its vindication in Voltaire’s scandalous poem Le Mondain, to its strategic use in pre-revolutionary pamphlets, luxury figures as the subject of some of the most heated debates of the eighteenth century. Innumerable authors, canonical and non, raised questions about this frivolous and yet fiery topic that allowed them to speak about everything and anything: of the arts and sciences, of women and social confusion, of happiness and inequality, of the progress or decline of the human spirit.
As the monarchy stopped issuing sumptuary laws, as the Church’s discourse was marginalized, writers presented themselves as judges, defenders, and legislators of the “culture of appearances.” In the process they addressed themselves to public opinion, and loudly proclaimed the new powers of writing: indeed, the debates about luxury put into play the competence and legitimacy of men of letters as they established a common set of values in a direct challenge of royal authority.
At the heart of these polemics, we find the touching figures of small polygraphs, those “Rousseau des ruisseaux” who tried to establish a place for themselves in the Republic of Letters. We meet a “serial publisher” in the figure of the chevalier du Coudray; we learn how to write a book on luxury according to Rabelleau; we follow the competition between Butel-Dumont and his opponents as they sought to change the meaning of the word “luxury,” and to invent adjectives and etymologies that became ammunition in this war of libels and pamphlets.
At the end of the 1780s, the fasts of the monarchy ceased to dazzle, and the luxury of Marie-Antoinette the “Austrian” became a considerable political weapon under the pen of pamphleteers. The ensuing debate contributed to a change in political culture, which eventually would lead to the Revolution.
The Future of Flaxman’s Adoration of the Magi?
John Flaxman, The Adoration of the Magi,
marble, 9 x 17 inches (228 by 430 mm), ca. 1792–94
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Press release (6 November 2014) from the Arts Council of England:
Culture Minister Ed Vaizey has placed a temporary export bar on a marble relief by John Flaxman, the renowned sculptor who in his youth served as a modeller for Josiah Wedgwood. The sculpture depicts the Adoration of the Magi: the three kings kneeling before the seated Virgin and Child. It will be exported overseas unless money can be found to match the asking price of £800,000.
The rectangular marble slab, carved in low relief, depicts the Virgin seated on the ground holding the Christ child on her lap. Before them kneel the three Magi. The relief panel, of exceptional quality, has been attributed to the renowned British artist John Flaxman. The composition closely corresponds with a slightly larger plaster version by the artist at Sir John Soane’s Museum, as well as two pen, ink and wash drawings, one of which is currently at the British Museum. This remarkable sculpture seems extraordinarily modern, doubtless because of the relative lack of surface ornament, and the simplicity and purity of its composition. It also presents an unusual subject within Flaxman’s oeuvre, in that it is neither a portrait nor a mythological composition, but taken from the New Testament.
The Minister has deferred granting an export licence for the piece following a recommendation by the Reviewing Committee on the Export of Works of Art and Objects of Cultural Interest, (RCEWA) administered by Arts Council England. The Committee made their recommendation on the grounds that the marble relief is of outstanding significance for the study of neo-classical sculpture and Flaxman’s role within its development.
Culture Minister Ed Vaizey said: “John Flaxman was one of the most influential British artists of the early nineteenth century, who worked for Josiah Wedgwood and was held in esteem around the world. This piece is a wonderful example of English neo-classical sculpture and I sincerely hope that efforts can be made to raise funds for a matching offer to keep the painting in the UK.”
Chairman of the RCEWA Sir Hayden Phillips said: “I am sure that many people will find, as I do, that this superbly crafted relief is of such direct and simple beauty that it offers its viewer a scene of compelling charm.”
The decision on the export licence application for the marble relief will be deferred for a period ending at midnight on 5 February 2015. This period may be extended until 5 May 2015 if a serious intention to raise funds to purchase the piece is made at the recommended price of £800,000.
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Note: The relief was exhibited in connection with the display Gainsborough and the Landscape of Refinement (Lowell Libson at Mitchell-Innes & Nash, New York, 24 January — 1 February 2014).
Exhibition | Wellington: Triumphs, Politics and Passions
Press release (29 October 2014) from the NPG:
Wellington: Triumphs, Politics and Passions
National Portrait Gallery, London, 12 March — 7 June 2015
Curated by Paul Cox with Lucy Peltz
Sir Thomas Lawrence, Portrait of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, 1815–16. (London: Wellington Collection, Apsley House, English Heritage).
The first gallery exhibition devoted to the Duke of Wellington will open at the National Portrait Gallery, to mark the 200th anniversary year of the Battle of Waterloo in 2015. Wellington: Triumphs, Politics and Passions will explore not only the political and military career of the victor of this great battle—but also his personal life through portraits of his family and friends.
Highlights include Goya’s portrait of Wellington started in 1812 after his entry into Madrid and later modified twice to recognise further battle honours and awards; and from Wellington’s London home, Apsley House, Thomas Lawrence’s famous 1815 portrait painted in the same year as the Battle of Waterloo. This iconic military image of Wellington was used as the basis of the design of the British five pound note from 1971 to 1991.
Drawn from museums and private collections including that of the present Duke of Wellington, the exhibition of 59 portraits and other art works has the support of the Marquess of Douro, and includes rarely-seen loans from the family including a portrait by John Hoppner of the Duke as a youthful soldier and a daguerreotype portrait by Antoine Claudet, in the new medium of photography, taken on Wellington’s 75th birthday in 1844. The family has also loaned Thomas Lawrence’s beautiful drawing of Wellington’s wife, Kitty (née Pakenham).
The real experience of soldiers fighting in Wellington’s armies will be explored through eyewitness accounts, including prints based on sketches by serving soldiers and the illustrated diary of a young officer, Edmund Wheatley written, in a lively style, with the intention of it being read by his sweetheart.
Francisco de Goya, Portrait of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, 1812–14 (London: The National Gallery).
Wellington: Triumphs, Politics and Passions considers the attempts of the art world to celebrate the Duke of Wellington’s military successes. Commemorative objects on display will range from royal commissions by Europe’s foremost artists and manufacturers to more modest souvenirs aimed at the domestic market. Wellington’s eventful and often difficult political career will be illustrated by examples of the many satirical prints published in the 1820s and 1830s and the exhibition will also examine the reappraisal of Wellington’s life that took place at his death and on the occasion of his lavish state funeral.
The Duke of Wellington’s long life (1769–1852) spanned the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Most famous for his victory over Napoleon at the battle of Waterloo, he later entered politics, serving twice as Prime Minister. Wellington: Triumphs, Politics and Passions will explore the role of visual culture in creating the hero, the legacy of heroism and the role of the portrait in Wellington’s own public and personal self-representation.
Curated by Paul Cox, Associate Curator, National Portrait Gallery, with close support from Dr Lucy Peltz, Curator of Eighteenth-Century Portraits, National Portrait Gallery, this biographical exhibition will use portraits and objects to explore Wellington’s military career and his sometimes controversial political and personal life.
Paul Cox, Associate Curator, National Portrait Gallery, London, says: “The Duke of Wellington’s victory over Napoleon at Waterloo is well known. This exhibition provides the opportunity to examine less familiar aspects of his life, including the long political career during which he saw through important forward-looking legislation, but suffered a dramatic loss of popularity. I hope that visitors to the exhibition will gain a fuller picture of Wellington as a man, rather than simply as a hero.”
The exhibition is part of the Battle of Waterloo 200th Anniversary Commemorations, the national partnership of commemorative events.
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Paul Cox, with a foreword by William Hague, Wellington: Triumphs, Politics and Passions (London: National Portrait Gallery, 2015), 128 pages, ISBN: 978-1855144996, £15.
This new book about the 1st Duke of Wellington provides a novel take on the traditional biography in that it explores the life of this complex man through portraits of Wellington himself, his friends, family and associates, as well as his political and military allies and opponents. There are examples of painted portraits by Goya and Thomas Lawrence, several caricatures that illustrate Wellingtons political career, and a watercolour by George Chinnery that shows the future duke as a young Major-General at the Chepauk Palace, Madras being received by Azim al-Daula, Nawab of the Carnatic, in February 1805. Also reproduced is a rare photograph, a Daguerreotype, made by Antoine Claudet on the occasion of Wellingtons seventy-fifth birthday in 1844, and sections of a sixty-six-foot roll from the Collection of the National Portrait Gallery depicting his entire funeral procession. Paul Cox explores Wellingtons military career and the battle of Waterloo, which remain central to his story, but also examines his personal relationships, his legacy and his enduring place in the popular imagination. Finally, a narrative chronology presents a useful overview of Wellingtons life and times.
Exhibition | Waterloo at Windsor: 1815–2015
The Waterloo Chamber, Windsor Castle, Photo by Mark Fiennes for the Royal Collection Trust
© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 2014
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Press release (4 November 2014) from the Royal Collection:
Waterloo at Windsor: 1815–2015
Windsor Castle, 31 January 2015 — January 2016
In 2015 a special themed visit at Windsor Castle—incorporating an exhibition, a trail, and a new multimedia tour through the State Apartments—will mark the bicentenary of the Battle of Waterloo and the peace that followed nearly 25 years of war between France, under the Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, and the allied forces including those of Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
Throughout the State Apartments visitors will discover unique artefacts associated with Waterloo, including items that belonged to the defeated Emperor, trophies from the battlefield, and documents from the Royal Archives. The centrepiece of the visit is the magnificent Waterloo Chamber, commissioned by George, Prince Regent (the future George IV) as a lasting monument to the battle at the heart of Windsor Castle. Throughout 2015, the route will be extended allowing visitors to walk into and around the room, rather than viewing the room from either end.
For nearly a quarter of a century Napoleon fought his way across Europe. In 1814 he was finally defeated and imprisoned, but in February of the following year he escaped exile from the Italian island of Elba. In the 100 days that followed, Napoleon overthrew the newly-restored French king and gathered his troops, before facing the leader of the allied army, the Duke of Wellington, 13 kilometres south of Brussels at Waterloo.
The Waterloo Chamber
Sir Thomas Lawrence, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, 1814–15, Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2014
This vast room, measuring nearly 30 by 14.5 metres, was created for the sole purpose of displaying portraits of the statesmen, politicians, diplomats, and military leaders who were responsible for the overthrow of Napoleon. Despite never seeing active service, the Prince Regent regarded himself as a key player in the victory. In celebration of Napoleon’s abdication in April 1814, he invited several of the allied leaders and commanders to London and commissioned Britain’s pre-eminent portraitist, Sir Thomas Lawrence, to paint those attending. After Napoleon’s final defeat at Waterloo, Lawrence travelled to the Congress of Peace at Aix-la-Chapelle, then to Vienna and finally to Rome to complete the series.
The Waterloo Chamber remained unfinished at George IV’s death and was completed by his successor, William IV, who wanted the room to be more a commemoration of the battle than a celebration of the diplomacy that saw peace brought to Europe. A further nine portraits were added to the Waterloo Chamber’s ‘hall of fame’ by William IV and in Queen Victoria’s reign, bringing the total to 38.
Lawrence’s portrait of the Duke of Wellington dominates the room. The national hero stands beneath a triumphal arch, holding aloft the Sword of State, symbolising the sovereign’s royal authority. Beside him on a ledge rests a baton and letter signed George P.R., signifying his promotion to Field Marshal and the gratitude of the Crown. Wellington is flanked by portraits of Count Platov, commander of the Cossack cavalry, and Field Marshal Blücher, the head of the Prussian forces—the 72-year-old was nicknamed ‘Marshal Forwards’ because of his eagerness in battle. Lawrence’s portrait of Pope Pius VII, who was instrumental in the peace negotiations, is considered to be among the artist’s finest works. Imprisoned by Napoleon for many years, the Pope became a figurehead for the political and cultural regeneration of Europe after his release in 1814.
The Exhibition
Bringing together material from the Royal Collection and Royal Archives, the exhibition covers the days preceding the battle to the aftermath of conflict. Prints and drawings record the military action, devastated buildings and burial of casualties, as well as the celebration of victory. Public curiosity about Napoleon was fed by popular prints, such as those produced by the caricaturist Thomas Rowlandson.
Highlights of the Trail
Sevres porcelain factory, 1806–12, Hard-paste porcelain, gilt bronze mounts, internal wooden frame structure. Tables des Grands Capitaines, gifted to George, Prince Regent by the restored French king, Louis XVIII, courtesy Royal Collection Trust © Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2014
George IV and his successors were avid collectors of works of art and souvenirs relating to the defeated Emperor. Napoleon’s cloak, taken from his fleeing carriage in the aftermath of the battle and later presented to George IV by Field Marshal Blücher, will be on display in the Castle’s Grand Vestibule. Made of red felt and lined with yellow silk brocade, it is appliquéd with Napoleon’s Imperial Eagle in silver thread. The cloak will be shown with other items removed from the Emperor’s baggage train, including Napoleon’s silver-gilt porringer—a small bowl used for food.
The Table des Grands Capitaines (Table of the Great Commanders, 1806–12), which will be on display in the King’s Drawing Room, was commissioned by Napoleon to immortalise his reign. Among the finest works ever produced by the Sèvres factory, it is decorated with the profile of Alexander the Great, the supreme military leader of antiquity, and other great commanders and philosophers. The table never left the factory and, after Napoleon’s final defeat, was presented to George IV by the restored French king, Louis XVIII, in gratitude for the allied victory. It was
one of George IV’s most prized possessions and
appears in his State portrait and in the painting by
Lawrence in the Waterloo Chamber.
New Book | Memoirs of the Court of George III
From Pickering & Chatto:
Michael Kassler, Lorna Clark, Alain Kerhervé, and Peter Sabor, eds., Memoirs of the Court of George III, 4 vols., (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2015), c.1600 pages, ISBN: 978-1848934696, £350 / $625.
George III was one of the longest reigning British monarchs, ruling over most of the English-speaking world from 1760 to 1820. Despite his longevity, George’s reign was one of turmoil. Britain lost its colonies in the War of American Independence and the European political system changed dramatically in the wake of the French Revolution. Closer to home, problems with the King’s health led to a constitutional crisis. Charlotte Papendiek’s memoirs cover the first thirty years of George III’s reign, while Mary Delany’s letters provide a vivid portrait of her years at Windsor. Lucy Kennedy was another long-serving member of court whose previously unpublished diary provides a great deal of new detail about the King’s illness. Finally, the Queen herself provides further insights in the only two extant volumes of her diaries, published here for the first time.
The edition will be invaluable to scholars of Georgian England as well as those researching the French and American Revolutions and the history and politics of the Regency period more widely. It will complement the ongoing project, The Court Journals and Letters of Frances Burney (OUP).
• All texts are first-hand accounts from those close to George III and relate information on important events, including the American and French Revolutions and the King’s ‘madness’
• Two volumes are editions of previously unpublished manuscripts
• All the texts are rare and Queen Charlotte’s diaries are newly transcribed from the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle
• Editorial apparatus includes a general introduction, volume introductions, headnotes, footnotes and indexes to the texts
General Editor: Michael Kassler, Independent scholar
Volume Editor: Lorna J Clark, Carleton University
Volume Editor: Alain Kerhervé, University of Western Brittany
Consultant Editor: Peter Sabor, McGill University
Volume 1
The Memoirs of Charlotte Papendiek (1765–1840): Court, Musical and Artistic Life in the Time of King George III
Mrs Papendiek’s Memoirs record events at court from 1761—when the future Queen Charlotte came to England to marry King George—until 1792. The Papendieks knew many musicians, including John Christian Bach (son of Johann Sebastian), William Herschel (who became an astronomer) and Haydn. The memoirs also record meetings with artists of the day, such as Thomas Lawrence and Thomas Gainsborough. They are a unique resource, recording significant information about living conditions, dress, education and Anglo-German relations.
Volume 2
Mary Delany (1700–1788) and the Court of George III
Though she failed to become a handmaiden to Queen Anne, Mary Delany went on to become a figure at Court, eventually lodging at Windsor. This new edition of her correspondence during her years at Windsor presents previously unpublished letters as well as applying modern standards of editorial principles to her correspondence. The letters show the daily rituals of living at Court, document the first social steps of Fanny Burney and Mary Georgina Port, and supply new information on the family life of the royal family – including material on the assassination attempt against George III by Margaret Nicholson.
Volume 3
The Diary of Lucy Kennedy (1793–1816)
Lucy Kennedy (c.1731–1826), had an insider’s view of life in Windsor castle and of members of the Royal Family for fifty-three years. Her diary, preserved in the Royal Library, Windsor Castle, has never before been published. In it she writes a moving account of the death of Princess Amelia which precipitated the final illness of George III and the Regency. Her observations of his symptoms are relevant for modern-day diagnoses of his malady.
Volume 4
The Diary of Queen Charlotte, 1789 and 1794
Queen Charlotte kept a diary in which she recorded her daily activities as well as those of George III and other members of the royal family. Only her volumes for 1789 and 1794 survive, in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle. Her 1789 diary shows how the king’s illness and recovery impacted upon their lives. Both diary volumes provide hitherto unpublished information about court life and the royal family.
New Journal | Royal Studies Journal
We are delighted to announce that the first issue of the Royal Studies Journal is out now. This issue features articles by Carole Levin, Cinzia Recca, and Nadia van Pelt as well as six book reviews of recent publications in the field of royal studies.
The Royal Studies Journal is a peer-reviewed, open access, interdisciplinary and international journal for the field of Royal Studies and will be published twice a year. Articles can be submitted in French, Spanish, Portuguese, and German, although English is preferred. Book reviews will also be featured. Shorter notices, news items, and conference reports will be on our official blog.
Please visit our website to find out more about the journal and how to submit articles to the RSJ. If you wish to contact us with any queries about the journal, suggestions of upcoming/recent works in the field to review or the submissions process, please email us at info.rsj@winchester.ac.uk.
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Royal Studies Journal 1.1 (2014)
Articles
Carole Levin, “Elizabeth’s Ghost: The Afterlife of the Queen in Stuart England”
Cinzia Reccia, “Maria Carolina and Marie Antoinette: Sisters and Queens in the Mirror of Jacobin Public Opinion”
Nadia Therese van Pelt, “Teens and Tudors: The Pedagogy of Royal Studies”
Book Reviews
Carey Fleiner, “Review: Lott, Death and Dynasty in Early Imperial Rome”
Stephen Donnachie, “Review: Perry, John of Brienne: King of Jerusalem”
Sean McGlynn, “Review: Richardson, The Field of Cloth of Gold”
Elena Woodacre, “Review: Cruz and Galli (eds.), Early Modern Hapsburg Women”
Estelle Paranque, “Review: Knecht, Hero or Tyrant? Henri III, King of France”
Charlotte Backerra, “Review: Aikin, A Ruler’s Consort in Early Modern Germany”
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