Enfilade

Press release from Robilant-Voena:

Giacomo Ceruti (1698–1767): Popolo e nobiltà alla vigilia dell’età dei lumi
Robilant-Voena, Milan, 30 October — 13 December 2013

Curated by Francesco Frangi and Alessandro Morandotti

Robilant-Voena presenta nella sua sede milanese una mostra che indaga uno dei più grandi artisti del Settecento italiano: Giacomo Ceruti. Nell’occasione sarà possibile apprezzare un cospicuo nucleo di opere di questo protagonista della “pittura della realtà” lombarda, riscoperto a partire dagli anni venti del Novecento per merito degli studi di Roberto Longhi, Giuseppe Delogu, Giovanni Testori e Mina Gregori. Grazie ai prestiti di importanti collezioni private di formazione antica o recente, la mostra affiancherà a dipinti già noti da tempo, alcune tele finora sconosciute, che contribuiranno a mettere a fuoco i diversi aspetti del linguaggio di questo formidabile pittore.

Nato a Milano e precocemente trasferitosi a Brescia, Ceruti è infatti una personalità dal percorso articolato, che in una prima fase della sua carriera seppe imporsi come ritrattista dai vigorosi accenti realistici e soprattutto come attento indagatore della vita quotidiana delle classi sociali più disagiate. Molto spesso, infatti, le opere che l’artista realizza tra gli anni venti e i primi anni trenta del Settecento per la nobiltà bresciana hanno come protagonisti i cosiddetti pitocchi: mendicanti, vagabondi, filatrici, contadini e artigiani. Un mondo di emarginati e di umili lavoratori che, a differenza di quanto era avvenuto nella pittura dei decenni precedenti, Ceruti mette in scena senza ironia, conferendo anzi ai protagonisti una solenne dignità, cui contribuisce il formato monumentale dei dipinti. Questa propensione raggiunge i più alti risultati nel famoso ciclo di Padernello, la serie di tele pauperistiche che sancì la riscoperta dell’artista a partire dagli anni venti del Novecento.

Verso la metà degli anni trenta del Settecento Ceruti si sposta in terra veneta, lavorando tra Padova e Venezia dove ottenne importanti commissioni da uno dei più illustri collezionisti del tempo, il maresciallo Matthias von der Schulenburg. Il confronto con la cultura figurativa lagunare segna una cesura nel percorso di Ceruti, le cui conseguenze si faranno sentire per tutto il seguito della carriera dell’artista che, fatta eccezione per un soggiorno a Piacenza nel corso degli anni quaranta, si svolgerà in prevalenza a Milano, dove Ceruti morirà nel 1767.

In questa sua seconda stagione il pittore dimostra di privilegiare un linguaggio più elegante e raffinato, aggiornato sulle mode della coeva cultura figurativa europea. Così i suoi ritratti perdono la ruvida dimensione naturalistica degli anni giovanili per acquisire un tono mondano e internazionale, bene esemplificato in mostra dal Ritratto del Marchese Orsini a cavallo, proveniente dalla villa Orsini di Mombello di Imbersago. Lo stesso avviene per le scene di tema popolare, che sostituiscono ai toni drammatici degli esordi un registro più rasserenato, di cui è testimonianza l’idillio sentimentale rappresentato nell’Incontro al pozzo già parte della decorazione di palazzo Busseti a Tortona. Notevole è poi la serie di teste di carattere (Ritratto di fumatore in costume orientale; Vecchio con gatto; Vecchio con colbacco e cane) che fanno di Ceruti un grande interprete di quel genere pittorico mondano (e tipicamente settecentesco) molto amato a Venezia e in Francia. Questi trapassi stilistici lasciano comunque inalterato il dato saliente della poetica cerutiana, da riconoscere nella capacità di restituire le diverse realtà del proprio mondo con uno sguardo schietto e disincantato; una lucida razionalità di osservazione che rende Ceruti perfettamente in linea con la sensibilità dell’età dei lumi che si andava allora diffondendo in tutta Europa.

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Published by Skira, the catalogue is available from Artbooks.com:

Francesco Frangi and Alessandro Morandotti, Giacomo Ceruti (1698–1767): Popolo e nobiltà alla vigilia dell’età dei lumi (Milan: Skira, 2013), 96 pages, ISBN: 978-8857222547, $75. Italian text with English insert.

Artista di spicco del Settecento italiano, Giacomo Ceruti detto “il Pitocchetto” è un importante protagonista della “pittura della realtà” lombarda, riscoperto a partire dagli anni venti del Novecento per merito degli studi di Roberto Longhi, Giuseppe Delogu, Giovanni Testori e Mina Gregori. Questo catalogo, che accompagna l’esposizione milanese, ripercorre la carriera artistica di Ceruti, a partire dagli anni bresciani, spesi sul binario di una ricerca realista, fino agli anni veneti e milanesi, quando il suo linguaggio diventa internazionale, e i pitocchi lasciano spazio ai ritratti nobiliari e alle teste di fantasia. Attraverso ventiquattro opere provenienti da prestigiose collezioni private oltre che dal patrimonio della galleria (alcune delle quali completamente sconosciute al pubblico e riscoperte in occasione della mostra), si vuole indagare questa dicotomia dell’opera di Ceruti, dove la realtà declinata nei suoi aspetti più poveri, fatta di storpi e mendicanti, stracci e polvere, si contrappone a un’eleganza di gusto internazionale, nella quale trionfano velluti e marsine.

Press release from The Prado:

Historias Naturales: Un Proyecto de Miguel Ángel Blanco
Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, 19 November 2013 — 27 April 2014

Curated by Miguel Ángel Blanco; coordinated by Javier Portús

Miguel Ángel Blanco, A Leviathan Swallows a Goddess (Room 74)
Roman workshop, Venus with a Dolphin, MN; Dolphin skeleton, MNCN- CSIC.
Photo: Pedro Albornoz / Museo Nacional del Prado

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The Museo del Prado is presenting the exhibition Historias Naturales: A Project by Miguel Ángel Blanco, organised with the collaboration of the Higher Council for Scientific Research (CSIC) and the support of the Region of Madrid. 150 objects from the natural world make up the twenty-two interventions installed in the Museum’s galleries by this Madrid-born artist. Most of the objects — animals, plants and minerals — have been loaned by the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of the CSIC, displayed alongside 25 works from the Museum’s own collection. The result is a close dialogue with these 25 works of art and also with the building itself and the urban setting of the Paseo del Prado.

Through this exhibition the Prado is paying tribute to its own history and to the origins of its building, originally designed as a Natural History museum. On 19 November 1819 the Prado opened its doors to the public for the first time as the Museo Nacional de Pinturas y Esculturas (National Museum of Paintings and Sculptures). However, the Neo-classical building designed by Juan de Villanueva that now houses the Prado was originally designed as the Royal Natural History Cabinet on the orders of Charles III in 1785.

Miguel Ángel Blanco, The Anteater’s Cruel Winter (Room 90)
Antón Mengs worskshop (?), His Majesty’s Anteater, MNP; Anteater skeleton, MNCN-CSIC (Photo: Pedro Albornoz / Prado).

To celebrate the anniversary of the Museum’s first opening to the public on 19 November 1819, the Prado will be introducing visitors to a lesser known aspect of its history, namely that of its origins as a natural history museum prior to its inauguration as the Museo de Pintura y Escultura. The building that now houses the Museum was designed by the architect Juan de Villanueva in 1785 as the Natural History Cabinet on the orders of Charles III. Now, for a period of almost six months the galleries of the Permanent Collection will display objects including some of those that the monarch acquired from the collector and naturalist Pedro Franco Dávila for his new natural history museum, which was previously located in the Palacio de Goyaneche (now the headquarters of the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando).

The Exhibition

Natural Histories: A Project by Miguel Ángel Blanco consists of twenty-two interventions in the Prado’s galleries, made up of 150 objects from the natural world (minerals, stuffed or preserved animals, skeletons and insects), the majority from the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, shown alongside twenty-five works from the Museum’s collection. The result is to establish a close relationship between them and also with the building itself and the surrounding urban context of the Paseo del Prado. Visitors will thus be able to see the realisation of Charles III’s desire to house a Natural History museum in the Villanueva Building. Due to the circumstances of history, the arts and sciences coexisted under the same roof on two occasions: in 1827 and during the Civil War when objects from the collections of the Real Jardín Botánico and the Museo de Ciencias were moved to the Prado for greater safety.

In order to bring about this reencounter with the Museum’s history and origins, the artist Miguel Ángel Blanco has not set out to reconstruct the Natural History Cabinet three hundred years later. Rather, as he explains, “What I have done in the Museo del Prado is to evoke that collection, the ghost of which inhabits the Villanueva Building. The twenty-two artistic interventions create a collection for the future, incorporating a creative viewpoint, interacting with the Permanent Collection and encouraging a new way of looking at the works which helps to increase the significance of the images.”

The first intervention is to be seen in the Ariadne Rotunda in the Museum, in which the preeminent work is the large-scale, recently restored sculpture of the Sleeping Ariadne (anonymous sculptor, 150–175AD). Next to it is the sculpture of Venus with a Dolphin (anonymous sculptor, 140–150AD), who now becomes the principal focus of this space. From the room’s ceiling Blanco has suspended a dolphin’s skeleton from the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, explaining that “the marble-like bones of the skeleton resemble the ivory-like marble of the sculptures.” The skeleton projects its shadow over Venus, “leaping like a Leviathan to swallow up the goddess ….”

Another of the works that sums up Blanco’s work in the Museum is his intervention based on Joachim Patinir’s celebrated painting Charon Crossing the Styx. Patinir’s work, which is among those that has most fascinated Blanco, ceases to be a painting and becomes an extension of the lake. It is transformed into pigment by the placement immediately in front of it of a giant piece of azurite (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales), the source of the copper carbonate that Patinir used as a pigment in his painting, “which we can imagine as the result of the lake drying up, assisted by the similarity between the shape of its outline and that of the stone.”

Room 55B in the Prado is another space transformed into a natural history collection by Blanco through his introduction of the skeleton of a snake wound round itself, located next to Dürer’s two panels of Adam and Eve. The skeleton is one of the most beautiful objects in the Museo de Ciencias Naturales’ reptile collection. Through this juxtaposition, Dürer’s two nude studies remind us even more forcefully of the subject of human proportions, which Blanco considers “a scientific endeavour.” Here he reveals an aesthetic intent in his placement of the skeleton, while “the snake’s flexibility resulting from its numerous vertebrae echoes the sinuosity of Dürer’s figures.”

Blanco’s twenty-two installations are completed with one of his own works, Book-box no. 1072, which is part of the work for which he is best known, the Forest Library. It consists of 1131 book-boxes housing natural elements, each one forming a micro-landscape. The book-box that he has chosen for this intervention acquires meaning in front of Lucas van Valckenborch’s Landscape with an Iron Works of 1595. According to Blanco, this is one of his boxes most oriented towards landscape and can be visually related to the landscape paintings in the Room 57 of the Museum: “Among these Flemish painters I feel close to Lucas van Valckenborch, who depicted himself in some of his works with a sketchbook on his lap, reflecting the practice of observing the landscape at first hand … Of all natural environments, the forest is my place and the tree my equal.” (www.bibliotecadelbosque.net)

Miguel Ángel Blanco (born Madrid, 1958)

Miguel Ángel Blanco is among the best known of Spanish artists associated directly with nature. For some years he lived in the Sierra de Guadarrama, which has been his preferred artistic terrain and was the subject of an exhibition he held at La Casa Encendida in Madrid in 2006 entitled Visions of Guadarrama: Miguel Ángel Blanco and the pioneering artists of the Sierra. In that event his book-boxes established a dialogue with works by the leading Spanish landscape painters who visited this mountainous area in the 19th century with the aim of depicting it in their works.

Miguel Ángel Blanco has exhibited different selections from the Forest Library, his most important project, at the Biblioteca Nacional de España, the Museo Nacional de la Estampa in Mexico City, the Fundación César Manrique in Lanzarote, the Calcografía Nacional, Madrid, and the Abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos (Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía), among other venues. In 2008 the Ministry of Culture commissioned a project from him in memory of the dead beech tree in the garden of the Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, which presented the temporary exhibition Fallen Tree, focusing on the relationship between the tree and time.

The Catalogue

The catalogue that accompanies the exhibition includes a text by Miguel Ángel Blanco, the creator of this project, entitled “The Call of the Bird of Paradise” and another, entitled “From Wunderkammern to Enlightenment Collections,” by Javier Ignacio Sánchez Almazán, curator of the collection of invertebrates at the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. The catalogue also includes a portfolio with photographs and texts by the artist of each of the exhibition’s twenty-two interventions with technical details on all the works on display, in addition to the artist’s biography

The exhibition, organized by several American institutions including the Terra Foundation for American Art, debuted as Art Across America at the National Museum of Korea, in Seoul, and then traveled to Korea’s Daejeon Museum of Art. From the press materials of the Art Gallery of New South Wales:

America: Painting a Nation
Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 8 November 2013 — 9 February 2014

Portrait of a Black Sailor (Paul Cuffe?), ca. 1800 (LACMA)

This exhibition is a voyage through American history, across the American landscape and into the minds of the American people. It begins in the 18th century, among pious farmers and republican merchants. It traverses the continent, alongside Native Americans and frontiersman. It explores the great cities, and the lives of workers and bohemian artists. Answering the question, ‘What makes Americans American?’ is complex, but these paintings are a guide, revealing the self-reliance and communal beliefs, optimism and anxieties, that makes America tick.
Chris McAuliffe, Curatorial consultant

America: Painting a Nation is the most expansive survey of American painting ever presented in Australia. It is part of the Sydney International Art Series which brings the world’s outstanding exhibitions to Australia, exclusive to Sydney, and has been made possible with the support of the NSW Government through Destination NSW. Over 80 works, ranging from 1750 to 1966, cover more than 200 years of American art, history and experience. The exhibition sets a course from New England to the Western frontier, from the Grand Canyon to the burlesque theatres of New York, from the aristocratic elegance of colonial society to the gritty realism of the modern metropolis. This exhibition will reveal the breadth of American history, the hardy morality of the frontier, the intimacy of family life, the intensity of the 20th-century city, the epic scale of its landscape and the diversity of its people. The works being presented – many by American masters – are the works Americans love and works that represent the stories they have grown up with.

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From the Art Gallery of NSW:

Angela Miller and Chris McAuliffe, America: Painting a Nation (Sydney: Art Gallery of New South Wales, 2013), 264 pages, ISBN 978-1741741018, $45.

Spectacular landscapes, epic stories and diverse peoples feature in this expansive historical survey of American painting. The 89 artworks by some 74 artists traverse over 200 years of rich history, from the colonial era to the mid 20th century. Readers will encounter the sublime poetry and drama of the land, the ambition and optimism of the country’s pioneers, the challenges of the frontier, the intimacy of family life and the intensity of the modern city. The roots of the American character and nation will be revealed through images ranging from the Grand Canyon to the Brooklyn Bridge, from classic portraits to modern abstraction.

America: Painting a Nation includes works by artists such as Mary Cassatt, Winslow Homer, Edward Hopper, Georgia O’Keeffe, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, John Singer Sargent and James McNeill Whistler from the collections of some of the finest art museums in the USA: The Terra Foundation, Chicago; the Philadelphia Museum of Art; the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; the Los Angeles County Museum of Art; and The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.

Essays by Angela Miller and Chris McAuliffe, combined with entries on each of the artworks and biographies on each artist, illuminate this fascinating survey of American painting from 1750 to 1967.

Now on view in Paris (with thanks to Hélène Bremer for noting it) . . .

Les Soeurs de Napoléon: Trois Destins Italiens
Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris, 3 October 2013 — 26 January 2014

Curated by Maria Teresa Caracciolo

Le musée Marmottan Monet consacre, du 3 octobre 2013 au 26 janvier 2014, une exposition exceptionnelle et inédite à Elisa, Pauline et Caroline, soeurs de Napoléon Ier, princesses et reines d’Italie. Grâce à des prêts d’exception provenant des plus grands musées d’Europe et des collections des descendants de la famille, italiens et français, 140 oeuvres sont réunies pour recréer l’univers prestigieux de la vie privée et publique des soeurs Bonaparte. Leurs trois destins hors du commun sont présentés pour la première fois, de leur genèse dans le Paris consulaire à leurs règnes italiens sous l’Empire.

Tableaux, sculptures, mobilier, accessoires, bijoux et parures de cour matérialisent sous nos yeux les destins extraordinaires d’Elisa (1777–1820), princesse de Piombino et de Lucques, puis grande-duchesse de Toscane, de Pauline (1780–1825) épouse du prince romain Camille Borghèse et de Caroline (1782–1839), mariée au général Joachim Murat et qui régna avec lui sur Naples avec un faste inégalé : trois femmes, trois personnalités différentes, l’une primant par la beauté, les deux autres par l’énergie, le charme et l’intelligence. Elles ont été les témoins privilégiés et les actrices de leur époque.

Autour de l’événement-charnière du sacre de Napoléon renaissent à la fois l’intime : leurs rôles de mères et d’épouses, comme l’officiel : leurs vies de princesses et reines d’Italie, dans les cours de Florence, Rome et Naples qui feront des trois soeurs des symboles de l’Europe en construction.

Cette exposition qui bénéficie de l’engouement remarquable de nombreuses institutions, collections particulières et musées prestigieux voit le jour aujourd’hui dans l’écrin idéal du musée Marmottan Monet, coeur de l’univers de Paul Marmottan (1856–1932) son fondateur, collectionneur passionné par le Premier Empire. Sont réunies, entre autres, des pièces des musées nationaux des châteaux de Versailles, Fontainebleau, Malmaison, du musée Fesch d’Ajaccio, du musée Fabre de Montpellier, de l’Ambassade de Grande-Bretagne à Paris, du Musée de l’armée, de celui de la Légion d’honneur, des Fondations Napoléon et Dosne-Thiers, du Musée des Beaux-Arts de Liège, du Palazzo Pitti de Florence, du Museo Napoleonico, du Museo Praz, des Musei di Arte Medievale e Moderna de Rome, des musées de Turin, Naples, Lucques, Caserte et de l’Ile d’Elbe, sans omettre les fonds propres de la bibliothèque Marmottan et du musée Marmottan Monet.

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The catalogue, in French and English, is published by Hazan:

Maria Teresa Caracciolo, ed., Les soeurs de Napoléon: Trois Destins Italiens (Paris: Hazan, 2013), 216 pages, ISBN: 978-2754107112, 29€.

Exposition « Les sœurs de Napoléon. Trois destins italiens », au musée Marmottan Monet à Paris, du 03 octobre 2013 au 02 février 2014. Les sœurs de Napoléon Ier, Élisa, Pauline et Caroline, eurent toutes trois un destin italien : la première fut élevée par son frère au rang de princesse de Lucques, puis de grande-duchesse de Toscane, représentante de l’Empereur en Italie. La deuxième épousa un prince romain, Camille Borghèse, et vécut avec lui entre Paris et Rome, en s’attirant dans les deux villes le titre de reine de la beauté. Enfin la cadette, mariée au général Joachim Murat, régna avec lui sur Naples avec un faste inégalé. L’exposition évoque les trois destins des sœurs Bonaparte, forgés dans le Paris consulaire et brillamment parachevés en Italie sous l’Empire. Comme les autres membres de la famille Bonaparte, les sœurs de Napoléon appréciaient les belles résidences et pratiquèrent un mécénat éclairé. A Paris et en Italie, elles laissèrent la marque de leur passage par la création de décors, de peintures, de sculptures et d’objets d’art. La grande-duchesse de Toscane et la reine de Naples stimulèrent la production des manufactures de leurs Etats et encouragèrent dans leurs cours le théâtre, la musique et les arts de la mode, en menant en Italie une politique de conquête pacifique, la conquête par la culture et les idées. L’exposition réunit des portraits des trois sœurs, seules ou en groupe, avec leurs familles et leurs amis, dans les lieux où elles vécurent et qui furent métamorphosés par leur goût. Elle rassemble des œuvres d’art créées sous leur impulsion, des objets et des accessoires de leur vie quotidienne, des bijoux qui relevaient leurs somptueuses tenues de cour. Ces œuvres sont aujourd’hui partagées entre les plus grands musées d’Europe et les collections des descendants de la famille, italiens et français. Leur réunion dans les salles de l’ancien hôtel de Paul Marmottan, devenu musée Marmottan Monet, ressuscite une page d’histoire et la splendeur d’une époque. Elle nous fait entrer dans la vie privée d’une famille qui partagea le destin exceptionnel de l’empereur Napoléon Ier. Version bilngue français/anglais.

Commissaire de l’exposition et auteur du catalogue, Maria Teresa Caracciolo est Historienne de l’art, chargée de recherche au CNRS, spécialiste de la peinture européenne du XVIIIe et du XIXe siècle et des relations franco-italiennes sous la Révolution et l’Empire. Elle est l’auteur, parmi d’autres ouvrages, de Giuseppe Cades (1750–1799) et la Rome de son temps (Paris, Arthena, 1992, ouvrage issu d’une thèse de doctorat); du Romantisme (Citadelles et Mazenod, 2013); du catalogue de l’exposition Jean-Baptiste Wicar: Ritratti della famiglia Bonaparte (Roma, Museo Napoleonico-Napoli, Museo Diego Aragona Pignatelli Cortes, 2004); et du catalogue de l’exposition Lucien Bonaparte (1775–1840): un homme libre, (Ajaccio, Musée Fesch, 2010).