Enfilade

Exhibition | Yinka Shonibare MBE

Posted in exhibitions, today in light of the 18th century by Caitlin Smits on May 11, 2016
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Yinka Shonibare MBE, Nelson’s Ship in a Bottle (maquette), 2007, as installed in the exhibition Fourth Plinth: Contemporary Monument (London: ICA, 2012–13).

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From the YCBA:

Yinka Shonibare MBE
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, 1 September — 11 December 2016

Curated by Martina Droth

The contemporary British Nigerian artist Yinka Shonibare is best known for his explorations of the legacies of colonialism through sculpture, installations, film, and photography. This display, which coincides with the Center’s exhibition Spreading Canvas: Eighteenth-Century British Marine Painting, will focus on Shonibare’s interest in the British historical figure Admiral Lord Nelson, whom he uses as an emblem of Britain’s imperial history. An important feature of Shonibare’s work is the consistent use of colorful, wax-printed cotton fabrics, which are associated with Africa but originated in Indonesia and Holland, a product of global trade and imperial markets. The fabric sums up the themes at the heart of Shonibare’s work.

Yinka Shonibare MBE will be curated by Martina Droth, Deputy Director of Research and Curator of Sculpture, Yale Center for British Art.

Exhibition | Spreading Canvas

Posted in books, exhibitions by Caitlin Smits on May 11, 2016

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Charles Brooking, Shipping in the English Channel, ca. 1755, oil on canvas (New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection)

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From the YCBA:

Spreading Canvas: Eighteenth-Century British Marine Painting
Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, 15 September — 4 December 2016

Curated by Eleanor Hughes

This is the first major exhibition to survey the tradition of marine painting that was inextricably linked to Britain’s rise to prominence as a maritime and imperial power, and to position the genre at the heart of the burgeoning British art world of the eighteenth century. The demand for marine paintings—and the prints made after them—in the eighteenth century, from ship launches to shipwrecks, naval battles to serene coastal views, reflects Britain’s absolute dependence on the sea. In an age when Britain claimed to rule the waves, marine paintings found a new importance and helped the island nation tell its stories of triumph and disaster. This exhibition will reconstruct the full array of representational modes—pictorial, planimetric, narrative, and plastic—that were deployed throughout the century to represent the maritime exploits of the nation. Drawn primarily from the collections of the Yale Center for British Art and augmented by spectacular loans, Spreading Canvas will demonstrate that marine painting was both ubiquitous and fundamental to eighteenth-century British culture.

Spreading Canvas: Eighteenth-Century British Marine Painting has been organized by the Center and will be curated by Eleanor Hughes, Deputy Director for Art & Program at the Walters Art Museum. The organizing curator at the Center is Matthew Hargraves, Chief Curator of Art Collections and Head of Collections Information and Access.

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From Yale UP:

Eleanor Hughes, ed., with essays by Eleanor Hughes, Richard Johns, Geoff Quilley, Christine Riding, and Catherine Roach and contributions by Sophie Lynford, John McAleer, and Pieter van der Merwe, Spreading Canvas: Eighteenth-Century British Marine Painting (New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2016), 312 pages, ISBN 978-0300221572, $75.

9780300221572Spreading Canvas takes a close look at the tradition of marine painting that flourished in 18th-century Britain. Drawing primarily on the extensive collections of the Yale Center for British Art and the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, London, this publication shows how the genre corresponded with Britain’s growing imperial power and celebrated its increasing military presence on the seas, representing the subject matter in a way that was both documentary and sublime. Works by leading purveyors of the style, including Peter Monamy, Samuel Scott, Dominic Serres, and Nicholas Pocock, are featured alongside sketches, letters, and other ephemera that help frame the political and geographic significance of these inspiring views, while also establishing the painters’ relationships to concurrent metropolitan art cultures. This survey, featuring a wealth of beautifully reproduced images, demonstrates marine painting’s overarching relevance to British culture of the era.

Exhibition | Moving Earth

Posted in exhibitions by Editor on May 11, 2016

From the YCBA:

Moving Earth: ‘Capability’ Brown, Humphry Repton, and the Creation of the English Landscape
Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, 7 March — 3 June 2016

Curated by Elizabeth Morris

Approximately one hundred objects from the Center’s collection are represented in this exhibition, which is on view at Yale’s Sterling Memorial Library. Curated by Beth Morris, Assistant Librarian at the Center, the exhibition includes items from the Reference Library and Archives, and reproductions from the Rare Books and Manuscripts, Prints and Drawings, and Paintings collections. Featured here are representations of work by Nathaniel Dance-Holland (Portrait of Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown, 1773), William Taverner (Classical Landscape, ca. 1760), and Humphrey Repton (Sketches and hints on landscape gardening [London: W. Bulmer and Co., 1794]).

More information is available at the exhibition website.

Exhibition | A Third Gender: Beautiful Youths in Japanese Prints

Posted in books, catalogues, exhibitions by Editor on May 9, 2016

Press release (via Art Daily) for the exhibition now on view at ROM:

A Third Gender: Beautiful Youths in Japanese Prints
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, 7 May — 27 November 2016
Japan Society, New York, 10 March — 11 June 2017

Curated by Asato Ikeda

Suzuki Harunobu, Mitate-e of a Poem by Saigyō Hōshi. 1767/68 (Ontario: ROM, Sir Edmund Walker Collection 926.18.113)

Suzuki Harunobu, Mitate-e of a Poem by Saigyō Hōshi. 1767/68 (Ontario: ROM, Sir Edmund Walker Collection 926.18.113)

The ground-breaking A Third Gender: Beautiful Youths in Japanese Prints opened at the Royal Ontario Museum on Saturday, May 7, 2016. Featuring stunning woodblock prints, samurai armor, a kimono, screen paintings, lacquerwork, and illustrated books, the exhibition explores issues of gender and tells a pivotal story of sexuality in Japan’s Edo period (1603–1868).

A Third Gender is the first North American display on wakashu. Four hundred years ago in Japan, a complex social structure existed in which gender involved more than a person’s biological sex. Age, position in the sexual hierarchy, and appearance were also considered. Fundamental to this structure were youths termed wakashu. Neither ‘adult man’ nor ‘woman’—each a separate gender—wakashu were objects of desire for both, playing distinct social and sexual roles. Constituting a third gender, they are visually represented in these Edo period woodblock prints.

The exhibition features approximately 60 woodblock prints (ukiyo-e), visually representing wakashu. Many never before displayed, they are from the ROM’s Japanese art collection—the largest in Canada. Produced since the 8th century in Japan, woodblock prints, created collaboratively by a designer, engraver, printer, and publisher, became popular in the 17th century. The exhibition’s prints were created in early 18th to mid-19th centuries by major ukiyo-e masters including Okumura Masanobu, Suzuki Harunobu, and Kitagawa Utamaro.

A Third Gender is curated by Dr. Asato Ikeda, Assistant Professor of Art History at Fordham University, New York and the ROM’s 2014–16 Bishop White Postdoctoral Fellow of Japanese Art and Culture. In Ikeda’s words, “A Third Gender invites ROM visitors to think differently about gender and sexuality and we anticipate the exhibition will be of interest to a diverse audience.”

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From Brill:

Joshua Mostow, Asato Ikeda, and Ryoko Matsuba, A Third Gender: Beautiful Youth in Japanese Edo-period Prints, 1600–1868 (Leiden: Hotei, 2016), 215 pages, ISBN 978-0888545145, $50.

917bXS7PQALFor the first time outside Japan, A Third Gender examines the fascination with wakashu in Edo-period culture and their visual representation in art, demonstrating how they destabilize the conventionally held model of gender binarism. The volume will reproduce, in color, over a hundred works, mostly woodblock prints and illustrated books from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries produced by a number of designers ranging from such well-known artists as Okumura Masanobu, Suzuki Harunobu, Kitagawa Utamaro, and Utagawa Kunisada, to lesser known artists such as Shigemasa, Eishi, and Eiri. A Third Gender is based on the collection of the Royal Ontario Museum, which houses the largest collection of Japanese art in Canada, including more than 2500 woodblock prints.

Joshua S. Mostow is Professor of Asian Studies at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Asato Ikeda is Assistant Professor of Art History at Fordham University, New York and the ROM’s 2014–16 Bishop White Postdoctoral Fellow of Japanese Art and Culture.

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P R O G R A M  S E R I E S

Elements of Sake
3 May 2016
Join Michael Tremblay for an introduction and guided tasting of sake, designed to demystify and engage. This special evening will explore the basics of sake, its production and history, and the culture that created it.

Japanese Visual Culture: Gender and Sexual Diversity
12 May 2016
Asato Ikeda, the curator of A Third Gender, will examine the role of male youths in Edo-period Japan and how this gender and sexuality system can be understood from a contemporary North American perspective.

It’s Complicated: Gender Ambiguity in Early-Mondern Japan
7 June 2016
Explore the roles of gender, sexuality, and erotic art in Japanese culture with internationally renowned scholar Joshua Mostow. Please note this lecture will contain explicit images and discussions of a sexual nature, and is not recommended for those under the age of 18.

Lost in Translation? Gender and Sexuality Across Time and Cultures
21 June 2016
How do we understand representations of sexuality, including same sex sexuality, across different historical and cultural moments without imposing contemporary norms? Join our panel as they explore concepts surrounding our exhibition A Third Gender.

The Art of Japan
16 October 2016
Experience the fundamentals of Japanese art in this in-depth workshop lead by ROM Educator George Hewson. This full day workshop includes a guided visit of the exhibition A Third Gender and lunch.

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Note (added 14 March 2017) — The original posting did not include the Japan Society as a venue.

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Exhibition | The British Landscape Tradition

Posted in exhibitions by Editor on May 7, 2016

Press release from Pallant House:

The British Landscape Tradition: From Gainsborough to Nash
Pallant House Gallery, Chichester, 11 May – 26 June 2016

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Thomas Gainsborough, A Suffolk Lane, 1750–60 (Chichester: Pallant House Gallery)

A new exhibition at Pallant House Gallery showcases the Gallery’s significant but rarely-seen collection of historic works on paper from the 18th to 20th centuries. The exhibition forms a representative overview of depictions of the British landscape, beginning with early watercolours and drawings by Alexander Cozens, Thomas Gainsborough, and John Sell Cotman, to watercolours by 20th-century artists associated with ‘Neo-Romanticism’ in Britain in particular Ivon Hitchens, Paul Nash and Graham Sutherland. The exhibition will go on display in the De’Longhi Print Room at Pallant House Gallery from 11 May until 26 June 2016.

The majority of the Gallery’s collection of historic works on paper were donated by Walter Hussey, Dean of Chichester Cathedral from 1956 to 1978. Best known for commissioning and collecting the work of modern artists such as Moore, Piper, and Sutherland, which formed the founding collection of the Gallery in 1982, Hussey also collected exquisite Old Master watercolours and drawings that are represented in this exhibition.

Although heavily influenced by Dutch landscape paintings, Thomas Gainsborough often travelled into the English countryside, sketching directly from nature in order to record scenes that he thought to be particularly picturesque, such as his drawing A Suffolk Lane (ca. 1750–60). For Gainsborough, landscapes were a relief from painting grand portraits and he wished “to take my viola da gamba and walk off to some sweet village where I can paint landskips and enjoy the fag end of life in quietness and ease.”

Born in Russia, Alexander Cozens is thought to have been the first English artist to work entirely with landscape subjects. Cozens was famous for inventing a ‘blot’ technique in the 1750s, which he developed as a teaching aid to liberate the mind of students, whom he felt spent too much time copying the work of others. His son John Robert Cozens was considered by John Constable to be “the greatest genius that ever touched landscape,” describing his work as “all poetry.” Cozens worked extensively in Italy but concentrated on English subjects in the last decade of his life.

A brilliant watercolourist, John Sell Cotman was one of the leading members of the Norwich School of Artists in the early 19th century. Born in Norwich, Cotman moved to London then toured widely in England and Wales before settling again in Norwich. His watercolour of Capel Curig (ca. 1802) was probably created during his second tour of Wales.

The Welsh countryside was also an inspiration for John Varley who made numerous sketching trips to Wales between 1798 and 1802. His sketches and memories of these trips were used in works he created until the end of his life and include Snowdon (With Lyn Padorn) (ca. 1809), which features in the exhibition.

Artists such as Varley and Cotman were an important point of reference for artists in the early 20th-century such as Paul Nash. Art historian John Rothenstein noted in 1957 that Nash “was too personal an artist to imitate an Old Master, but what he did was to assimilate something of the spirit of Girtin, Cotman and others, and to evolve a free contemporary version of traditional idioms.” In 1929 the critic R. H. Wilenski went so far as to call Nash ‘the John Sell Cotman’ of today.

At the outbreak of the Second World War Graham Sutherland produced a number of paintings based on the view of Sandy Lane in Pembrokeshire. The preliminary studies in the Gallery’s collection for the celebrated completed oil known as Entrance to a Lane in the Tate collection,  reveal  Sutherland’s process of ‘paraphrasing nature’, drawing on continental abstraction as a way of representing the Welsh landscape in a poetic and modern way.

Also included in the exhibition are several views of the Sussex landscape around Chichester. These include George Romney’s ink and wash view of Eartham Park, the home of his patron William Hayley—a rare example of landscape in his oeuvre. Also featured are watercolours of the South Downs by George Catt (1869–1920), who taught the young Eric Gill at Chichester College, and one of Ivon Hitchens’s earliest known works: Didling on the Downs (ca. 1920) featuring a pastoral scene before he had developed his abstract style of the 1930s onwards.

Exhibition | William Hogarth: A Harlot’s Progress and Other Stories

Posted in books, catalogues, exhibitions by Editor on May 5, 2016

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William Hogarth, A Harlot’s Progress, Plate 6, 1732, 364 × 440 mm
(Copenhagen: SMK – The National Gallery of Denmark)

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Press release (22 February 2016) from the National Gallery of Denmark:

William Hogarth: A Harlot’s Progress and Other Stories
William Hogarth: En skøges liv og andre historier

Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen, 14 April — 7 August 2016

Curated by Vibeke Vibolt Knudsen

A young country girl arrives in London in search of work. Instead she ends up a prostitute, and her life spirals steadily downwards, bringing stints in prison and venereal disease. With the exhibition William Hogarth: A Harlot’s Progress and Other Stories, the SMK turns back time to visit eighteenth-century city life in London. The exhibition presents work by the British artist and satirist William Hogarth (1697–1764), who invented a new kind of narrative picture series that served up satirical and moral points with acerbic wit. His style of social critique was unique for the time, focusing on many highly topical subjects: Prostitution, poverty, violence, drunkenness, deceit, self-aggrandisement and desire.

SMK_Hogarth_kalender_260x780px_v01Three series hold a particularly prominent position in Hogarth’s oeuvre: A Harlot’s Progress (1732), A Rake’s Progress (1735), and Marriage à-la-mode (1745). Each series describes a main protagonist who strives to climb the rungs of the class ladder, but loses their way in debauchery, heading directly for self-destruction and death.

In his autobiographical notes Hogarth states that his pictures are scenes from a play and his subjects are actors strutting soundlessly on the stage. His stories became highly successful, attracting a large audience that included the lower echelons of society as well as the elite. Hogarth insisted that a picture must capture the viewer’s attention by entertaining and pleasing the eye, thereby allowing the serious aspects of its subject to gradually sink in as the narrative progresses towards its tragic climax.

Hogarth’s art is closely linked to London and city life. Around the year 1700 the city had swelled to a population of 600,000, making it the largest city in Europe. He made daily records of the chaotic urban crowds, of all the many and varied forms of life unfolding in the city’s streets and houses; he had a particularly keen eye for the contrasts between different social strata and how they met and clashed.

William Hogarth: A Harlot’s Progress and Other Stories is an exhibition of works from The Royal Collection of Graphic Arts, which is one of the oldest collections of prints and drawings in the world. Housing more than 240,000 works, the collection has roots that date back to the sixteenth century. In 1843 the collection was opened to the public, and in 1896 it was relocated to the new National Gallery of Denmark alongside The Royal Collection of Paintings and The Royal Cast Collection.

The catalogue is available from Arnold Busck:

Vibeke Vibolt Knudsen, William Hogarth: En skøges liv og andre historier (Odder: Narayana Press, 2016), 96 pages, ISBN 978-8792023971, 128KR.

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Exhibition | Classical Splendor: Painted Furniture

Posted in books, catalogues, exhibitions by Caitlin Smits on May 2, 2016

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Sofa, designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, decorated by George Bridport
(Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1986-126-2a-c). 

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Writing for The Magazine Antiques, Alexandra Kirtley previews the exhibition Classical Splendor: Painted Furniture for a Grand Philadelphia House, which opens this fall in Philadelphia.

Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley, “Superfluity & Excess: Quaker Philadelphia Falls for Classical Splendor,” The Magazine Antiques (March/April 2016).

The fruits of extensive research on Benjamin Henry Latrobe’s 1808 house and furniture for William and Mary Waln begin with their impact on the aesthetic of the city itself.

page_1By the middle of the eighteenth century the “greene Country Towne” founded by William Penn in 1682 was bustling with commercial and social activity. Colonists from Europe and the British Isles who spoke a variety of languages and practiced a number of religions filled the city. Although the aura of the British and European Quakers who had followed Penn to Philadelphia was still palpable, ambitious merchants had begun to create New World versions of aristocratic styles and customs quite at odds with Quaker comportment . . .

Despite this atmosphere of admonishment against hierarchical social customs and “Superfluity & Excess in Buildings and Furniture,” many Philadelphia Quaker and non-Quaker artisans and their patrons did embrace the luxury of contemporary European and Asian styles. . . . The taste for aristocratic style persisted in the city’s public and private spheres even after the Revolution. . . .

By 1805 the city was no longer the nation’s capital, but it was about to witness the creation of its most innovative, resplendent, and potent interior—the work of a team of artisans commissioned by a Quaker merchant and his socially adept Episcopalian wife. British-born architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe—known as Henry—had arrived in the city in early spring 1798 and had already completed several commissions: the Bank of Pennsylvania in the plain Greek revival style; the domed Pump House for the Centre Square Water Works (completed in 1801, demolished in 1829);4 and a Gothic-style country house in Fairmount Park for the merchant William Cramond called Sedgeley (completed in 1802, demolished around 1857). Latrobe had also established himself in Philadelphia society by marrying Mary Elizabeth Hazlehurst (1771–1841), the daughter of Isaac and Johanna Purviance Hazlehurst—a prominent couple with family, commercial, and political ties in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Salem, New Jersey.

Philadelphia merchant William Waln, the son of the Quaker preacher Nicholas Waln (1742–1813), had made a bold departure from his faith when he was married by Episcopal Bishop William White to Mary Wilcocks on March 14, 1805, at Christ Church, Philadelphia. But what the couple did next in commissioning Henry Latrobe to design and oversee the building of their magnificent house and its furnishings was even bolder: they unleashed Latrobe to design for them furniture that directly imitated ancient furniture, moving once and for all beyond the restrained bounds of mere references to classical art, and transforming Philadelphia’s—and indeed America’s—interpretation of classical art . . . .

The full article is available here»

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Press Release from the Philadelphia Museum of Art: 

Classical Splendor: Painted Furniture for a Grand Philadelphia House
Philadelphia Museum of Art, 3 September 2016 — 1 January 2017

Curated by Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley and Peggy Olley

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Card Table, designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, decorated by George Bridport (Philadelphia Museum of Art, photograph by Gavin Ashworth)

This exhibition will showcase a set of furniture designed by architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764–1820) and made in Philadelphia in 1808 for William and Mary Wilcocks Waln. The Museum’s ten surviving pieces of furniture from the Walns’ original set will be shown in a new light, reimagined after a comprehensive five-year curatorial study and conservation treatment.The exhibition will highlight the team of makers—the designer (Latrobe), the maker (John Aitken, d. 1839), the painter (George Bridport, 1783–1819), and the upholsterer (John Rea, 1774–1871)—and the fashion for classical art that the furniture ushered into American interiors. The Walns’ drawing rooms and their furniture provided a setting imitating the art and culture of ancient Greece. The exhibition will consider Latrobe’s groundbreaking ‘Klismos’ chair design, and reveal the London-trained Bridport as the visionary artist who translated Latrobe’s design for the walls into classical designs for the painted furniture and whose work is represented today only by the surviving Waln furniture. The Walns’ extraordinary house, which stood at the southeast corner of Seventh and Chestnut Streets in Philadelphia, was torn down in 1847. Through the use of large-scale computer renderings and various other interactive technologies, visitors will be able to explore the way the two drawing rooms were furnished how they interacted with the rest of the house and the gardens, which were also designed by Latrobe.

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From Yale UP:

Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley and Peggy Olley, with an essay by Jeffrey Cohen, Classical Splendor: Painted Furniture for a Grand Philadelphia House (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016), 160 pages, ISBN: 978-0300221718, $35.

9780300221718This handsome book explores in depth a group of stunning painted and gilded furniture designed by the architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe (1764–1820), best known for originating the plans for the United States Capitol. The furniture was made in Philadelphia for one of the city’s finest houses—the home of William and Mary Wilcocks Waln, which Latrobe also designed. Drawing on a multiyear conservation and research project, Classical Splendor reveals new insights into the patrons, makers, and history behind these extraordinary pieces. In addition to extensively documenting each item, the book attests to Latrobe’s significant contributions to American furniture design—his pieces for the Waln house introduced, and served as exemplars of, a classical style rooted in ancient Greek and Roman design.

Alexandra Alevizatos Kirtley is the Montgomery-Garvan Curator of American Decorative Arts and Peggy A. Olley is the associate conservator of furniture and woodwork, both at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. Jeffrey A. Cohen is senior lecturer and chair of the Growth and Structure of Cities Program at Bryn Mawr College.

Exhibition | Global by Design: Chinese Ceramics

Posted in books, catalogues, exhibitions by Editor on May 1, 2016

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Garniture with Scenes of West Lake, ca. 1700. China, Qing dynasty (1644–1911). Porcelain painted with cobalt blue under a transparent glaze; Jars, H. 40 3/4 in., Vases, H. 35 5/8 in. (R. Albuquerque Collection)

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Press release (25 April 2016) for the exhibition now on view at The Met:

Global by Design: Chinese Ceramics from the R. Albuquerque Collection
The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 25 April — 7 August 2016

Curated by Jeffrey Munger and Denise Patry Leidy

An international loan exhibition of 60 exquisite and unusual Chinese ceramics drawn from a Brazilian private collection—never before exhibited publicly—is now on view at The Metropolitan Museum of Art through August 7. Global by Design: Chinese Ceramics from the R. Albuquerque Collection focuses on the period—from the late 16th to the 18th century—when Chinese porcelain became a global luxury, transforming both the European ceramic industry and styles of dining and drinking.

The introduction of porcelain to Europe can be traced to the period between the late 15th and early 16th centuries known as the ‘Age of Exploration’. This period includes both the discovery by Vasco da Gama (1460–1524) in 1498 of a maritime route around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa to South and East Asia, and the slightly earlier travels of Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) that led to the discovery of the Americas. Supported by Portuguese and Spanish courts, both explorers were searching for a sea route that would provide quicker access to coveted Asian luxuries, including tea, spices, silk, and porcelain.

When the Portuguese first reached China in the 16th century, the extensive kiln complex at Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province in the southeast dominated porcelain production. (China and, to a lesser extent, Korea were the only places in the world making porcelain at that time.) Portuguese rulers were the first Europeans to commission works from China, and these early-commissioned objects are among the rarest works on view in the exhibition. They include pieces with royal designs, such as a flattened bottle with a coat of arms, and Catholic imagery, such as a delicate bowl with the opening lines of the Hail Mary.

By this time, porcelain had long been treasured in inner-Asian trade, particularly with the Islamic world, and shapes and designs from the Middle East, which had been incorporated into the porcelain industry, were also transmitted to Europe. In the exhibition, a rare example of a kraak dish (ca. 1628–1642) depicting two Persian figures and made for either the Islamic world or Europe provides one example of these complicated interchanges. (The term kraak derives from the Portuguese word for ‘ship’ and is often used in Western sources to define Chinese porcelains made specifically for export in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.) In addition, an unusual bowl with pierced decoration and the Islamic profession of faith has European gilt mounts, indicating its fascinating journey from China to the Islamic world and, ultimately, Europe.

In the early 17th century, after the Dutch auctioned porcelain from two captured Portuguese ships and overtook the Portuguese and Spanish maritime routes, porcelain became widespread throughout northern Europe. By the late 17th and 18th centuries, with the ongoing exchange of shapes and designs, a global artistic language in porcelain making was fully developed. One of the most compelling examples in the exhibition is a monumental set of five vessels; produced for display in a European home, it depicts scenes from West Lake in southern China. In addition, tureens—including a delightful piece in the form of a crab with movable eyes, another in the shape of the historical Chinese Buddhist monk Budai, and a third, based on European silver, with lush patterns incorporating Western and Eastern imagery—exemplify the innovation and experimentation that characterized the Chinese porcelain industry in the 18th century.

The exhibition includes three generous gifts to the Museum from the R. Albuquerque Collection. The exhibition is organized by Jeffrey Munger, Curator, Department of European Sculpture and Decorative Arts, and Denise Patry Leidy, Brooke Russell Astor Curator of Chinese Art, Department of Asian Art. In conjunction with the exhibition, the Museum will offer education programs, including gallery talks and, on June 5, a Sunday at The Met program focusing on trade in Chinese ceramics and their continuous and complicated impact on global traditions.

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Published by Jorge Welsh, the catalogue is available from The Met:

Denise Patry Leidy with catalogue entries by Maria Antónia Pinto de Matos, Global by Design: Chinese Ceramics from the R. Albuquerque Collection (London:  Jorge Welsh Research & Publishing, 2016), 240 pages, ISBN: 978-0993506802 (hardcover), £40 / ISBN: 978-0993506819 (softcover), £30 / $40.

global_by_design_chinese_ceramics_coverThe companion catalogue to The Met exhibition, this beautifully illustrated volume explores the period from the late sixteenth to the eighteenth century when Chinese porcelain became a global luxury, and in doing so, transformed both the European ceramic industry and fashionable styles of dining and drinking. Featuring exquisite and unusual pieces from an important Brazilian private collection, it challenges the long-standing tradition of cataloguing Chinese ceramics as domestic or trade items.

In addition to exploring the trade in Chinese ceramics within Asia, this new book looks at the development of ceramic shapes and designs that reflect the long history of exchange between China and the Islamic world, as well as the period in the late sixteenth century when works reflecting both Chinese and Islamic decorative traditions were introduced and incorporated into Europe and the Americas.

Denise Patry Leidy is the Brooke Russel Astor Curator of Chinese Art at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Maria Antónia Pinto de Matos is director of the Tile Museum in Lisbon.

Exhibition | Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible

Posted in books, catalogues, exhibitions by Editor on May 1, 2016

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Benjamin West, American Commissioners of the Preliminary Peace Negotiations with Great Britain, begun in 1783, oil on canvas, 72.3 × 92.7 cm. (Winterthur 1957.856)

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With nearly 200 objects, The Met Breuer’s inaugural exhibition includes a handful of striking eighteenth-century paintings and prints. From the press release:

Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible
The Met Breuer, New York, 18 March — 4 September 2016

Curated by Andrea Bayer, Kelly Baum, Nicholas Cullinan, and Sheena Wagstaff

Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible examines a subject that is critical to artistic practice: the question of when a work of art is finished. Opening March 18, 2016, this landmark exhibition inaugurates The Met Breuer, ushering in a new phase for The Met’s expanded engagement with modern and contemporary art, presented in Marcel Breuer’s iconic building on Madison Avenue. With over 190 works dating from the Renaissance to the present—nearly forty percent of which are drawn from The Met’s collection, supplemented with major national and international loans—the exhibition demonstrates the type of groundbreaking show that can result when the Museum mines its vast collection and curatorial resources to present modern and contemporary art within a deep historical context.

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Anton Raphael Mengs, Portrait of Mariana de Silva y Sarmiento, duquesa de Huescar, 1775 (Mr. and Mrs. Otto Naumann, New York)

The exhibition examines the term ‘unfinished’ across the visual arts in the broadest possible way; it includes works left incomplete by their makers, a result that often provides insight into the artists’ creative process, as well as works that engage a non finito—intentionally unfinished—aesthetic that embraces the unresolved and open-ended. Featured artists who explored such an aesthetic include some of history’s greatest practitioners, among them Titian, Rembrandt, Turner, and Cézanne, as well as modern and contemporary artists, including Janine Antoni, Lygia Clark, Jackson Pollock, and Robert Rauschenberg, who have taken the unfinished in entirely new directions, alternately blurring the distinction between making and un-making, extending the boundaries of art into both space and time, and recruiting viewers to complete the objects they had begun.

The accompanying catalogue expands the subject to include the unfinished in literature and film as well as the role of the conservator in elucidating a deeper understanding of artistic thought on the subject of the unfinished.

Unfinished is a cornerstone of The Met Breuer’s inaugural program and a great example of The Met’s approach to presenting the art of today,” said Thomas P. Campbell, Director and CEO of The Met. “Stretching across history and geography, the exhibition is the result of a cross-departmental collaboration, drawing on the expertise of The Met’s outstanding faculty of curators. We hope the exhibition inspires audiences to reconsider the artistic process as they connect to experiences shared by artists over centuries.”

Sheena Wagstaff, Leonard A. Lauder Chairman of Modern and Contemporary Art, added: “It is rare that an exhibition covering such a broad time span can trace a theme as intimate and essential to the creative process. This sweep of art history throws into sharp focus the ongoing concern of artists about the ‘finishedness’ of their work—which, in the 20th century, they co-opt as a radical tool that changes our understanding of Modernism.”

Using works of art as well as the words of artists and critics as a guide, Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible strives to answer four questions: When is a work of art finished? To what extent does an artist have latitude in making this decision? During which periods in the history of art since the Renaissance have artists experimented most boldly with the idea of the unfinished or non finito? What impact has this long trajectory had on modern and contemporary art?

The exhibition features works that fall into two categories. The first includes works of art that are literally unfinished—those whose completion was interrupted, usually because of an accident, such as the artist’s death. In some instances, notably Jan van Eyck’s Saint Barbara (1437), there is still debate about whether the artist meant the work to be a finished drawing, which would have been considered unusual at the time, or if it was meant to be a preparation for a painting. Because such works often leave visible the underlying skeleton and many changes normally effaced in the act of completion, they are prized for providing access to the artist’s thoughts, as well as to his or her working process.

The second category includes works that appear unfinished—open-ended, unresolved, imperfect—at the volition of the artist, such as Janine Antoni’s Lick and Lather (1993–1994). Antoni used a mold to create a series of self-portrait busts, half from chocolate and half from soap, fragile materials that tend to age quickly. After finishing the busts, she set to work unfinishing them, licking those in chocolate and bathing with those in soap, stopping once she had arrived at her distinctive physiognomy. The unfinishedness of objects in this second category has been debated and appreciated at definite times, in definite places. Unlike the historical art presented in the exhibition, which includes a significant number of truly unfinished objects, art from the mid-to-late 20th and 21st centuries is represented almost entirely through the lens of non finito.

The exhibition is organized chronologically, spanning the third and fourth floors of The Met Breuer. The works are subdivided thematically, with each group representing a specific case-study in unfinishedness—corresponding to specific times (such as the Renaissance, Baroque, and Modern periods), media (prints and sculpture), artists (including Turner, Cézanne, and Picasso), and genres (most importantly portraiture).

A new, light-based installation by Tatsuo Miyajima, created especially for Unfinished, will be on view in the Tony and Amie James Gallery in the lobby of The Met Breuer (late April through mid-October).

Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible is curated by Andrea Bayer, Jayne Wrightsman Curator in the Department of European Paintings; Kelly Baum, Curator of Postwar and Contemporary Art in the Department of Modern and Contemporary Art, both at The Metropolitan Museum of Art; and Nicholas Cullinan, former curator in The Met’s Department of Modern and Contemporary Art and current Director of the National Portrait Gallery in London, all working under the direction of Sheena Wagstaff, Leonard A. Lauder Chairman of Modern and Contemporary Art at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Many curators, conservators, fellows, and research assistants at The Met contributed to this exhibition and its accompanying catalogue, including experts from the Museum’s departments of American Paintings and Sculpture, Drawings and Prints, European Paintings, European Sculpture and Decorative Arts, Paintings Conservation, and Modern and Contemporary Art.

A series of experimental films made by many of the 20th and 21st century’s most innovative filmmakers are being shown in conjunction with the exhibition. Organized by Thomas Beard, founder and director of Light Industry, a venue for film and electronic art in Brooklyn, these screenings, which take place on The Met Breuer’s second floor, address the unfinished in cinematic terms. Details on screening times will be available at a later date.

In collaboration with The Met, The Orchestra Now (TŌN) will present The Unfinished, a performance at Carnegie Hall of two unfinished works: Schoenberg’s Chamber Symphony No. 2 and Mozart’s Great Mass in C minor. The concert will include a panel discussion with the Museum’s Sheena Wagstaff and Andrea Bayer; TŌN’s music director Leon Botstein; Columbia University’s Elaine Sisman, Anne Parsons Bender Professor of Music; and others. Friday, May 13, 2016, 7:30–9:45 pm; tickets start at $25.

Related programs include a Sunday at The Met on May 8 that considers the idea of the unfinished in relation to works across times and cultures and a lecture series on June 20 presenting new scholarship on the subject.

Kelly Baum, Andrea Bayer, and Sheena Wagstaff, Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible (New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016), 336 pages, ISBN: 978-1588395863, $65.

The exhibition is accompanied by a 336-page fully illustrated catalogue that constitutes the most exploratory, yet also comprehensive, introduction to date of the long history of the unfinished in the visual arts, film, and literature. The book is divided into two main sections that roughly correspond to the periods 1435–1900 and 1900–2015. It contains essays by 13 curators, scholars, and a conservator on a range of artists and subjects related to the theme of the unfinished. The catalogue also features interviews with five contemporary artists—Vija Celmins, Marlene Dumas, Brice Marden, Luc Tuymans, and Rebecca Warren—whose work is represented in the exhibition; and a section of brief catalogue entries on each of the objects featured in the exhibition that explores the significance of the work, with an emphasis on its place in the broader narrative and, frequently, an account of its reception. The catalogue is published by The Met and distributed by Yale University Press. The catalogue is made possible by the Samuel I. Newhouse Foundation, Inc. and the Roswell L. Gilpatric Publications Fund.

Exhibition | Bishop, Emperor, Everyman: 200 Years of Salzburg History

Posted in exhibitions by Editor on May 1, 2016

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August Franz Heinrich von Naumann, Map of the Princely Residence City of Salzburg, paper, ink, watercolour, gold addition, 1788–89 (Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France)

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From the Salzburg Museum:

Bishop, Emperor, Everyman: 200 Years of Salzburg in Austria
Bischof, Kaiser, Jedermann: 200 Jahre Salzburg bei Österreich

Salzburg Museum, Neue Residenz, 30 April — 30 October 2016

To mark the 200th anniversary of Salzburg’s incorporation into Austria, a trio of exhibitions offers an in-depth view into the eventful history of Salzburg—from the rich princely archbishopric, through wars and fluctuating power relations.

Treasure House Salzburg

0107_salzburg2016_018Over the centuries, the Salzburg prince archbishops collected a voluminous treasury of paintings and the graphic arts, furniture and porcelain, minerals, weapons and coins, books and sculptures. Much of this was created especially for Salzburg. The Salzburg prince archbishops assigned renowned artists with commissions for ivory carvings, rock crystal and ibex horn artefacts, goldsmith’s art and paintings—all these objects belonged to the inventory of the court treasure chamber and enhanced prestige. The rulers of the time naturally saw themselves as personal owners of these riches; thus, it frequently occurred in case of war that all treasures were conveyed to the next residence. The exhibits tell their own stories and raise questions: what significance did they originally have, what was their origin, or how did they end up in Salzburg? The exhibition Treasure House Salzburg in the Kunsthalle in the basement of the Neue Residenz is designed to awaken in visitors a historical awareness for the former riches and status of Salzburg within Europe.

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Tell Me about Salzburg!

The special exhibition Tell Me about Salzburg! spotlights events and people from two centuries and, in doing so, gives visitors insights into the history of art and culture in Salzburg. While the stories are anchored in the two centuries between 1816 and 2016, they reach far back into the past or had far-reaching consequences for the future. Visitors wandering from room to room and from theme to theme will be given the opportunity to take a closer look at Salzburg and its history from unusual perspectives and in differing narratives.

Twelve Themes
• True Fables! The Fabulous World of Salzburg Sagas and Their Relationship to History
• Quest into the Past – Salzburg Unearths Its History
• “Silent Night! Holy Night!” What a Carol Tells Us, and What It Can Reveal about Its Time
• On the Trail of Haydn and Mozart: “Reports” on the History of Music in Salzburg
• Under the Patronage of the Dowager Empress Caroline Augusta: Salzburg Tells Its History in Its Own Museum
• Time Windows 1866 and 1916: Images of Change
• Back to the Future: Salzburg Utopias in the Years between the Wars
• Salzburg and National Socialism: The Oppressive Legacy of History
• Wotruba and Thorak: A Salzburg Summit of a Unique Kind
• Art under the Banner of the Cold War – or how the “Nuclear Bomb of Cultural Bolshevism” was Ignited in Salzburg
• “Two Days Facing the Cloud-Kitchen Mountain” (Peter Handke) – Literary Images of Salzburg
• Lisl Ponger: The Museum in the Museum
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Johann Matthias Wurzer, based on Hieronymus Allgeyer, Mirabellplatz before the 1818 Fire, oil on cardboard, 1810–16 (Salzburg Museum, inv. no. 96-25)

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On the Scene

The period from 1797 to 1816 in relation to the actual history of Salzburg is mostly an imageless era. There are scarcely any depictions of events, fights and battles in the city’s environs, or of the multiple occupations of the Land by foreign troops. Places that were the scenes of important events during this epoch in Salzburg are today no longer of any relevance for Salzburg: their significance for Salzburg’s history fell into oblivion. For the special exhibition On the Scene, contemporary photographic artists from the Fotohof gallery set off to eight selected locations and, in the form of video animations and installations, bring them into the Land exhibition.

Eight Locations
• Villa Manin stands for the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) which for the first time officially codified the end of the autonomous archiepiscopal foundation of Salzburg.
• The Battle of Walserfeld in 1800 heralded an epoch of occupation, looting and ever-changing rulers.
• Mirabell Palace is exemplary as a location that was given a new function for each change in historical circumstances.
• The town of Mühldorf am Inn belonged to Salzburg for centuries but in 1802/1803 was the first territory to be separated from the former archiepiscopal foundation.
• The Alte Residenz was not only the residence of the prince archbishop but also old Salzburg’s centre of power for centuries.
• Schönbrunn Palace was the scene of the contract (Treaty of Pressburg) signed by Napoleon that ceded Salzburg to Austria in 1805, but in 1809 also saw Salzburg’s cession as defined in the Treaty of Schönbrunn.
• In 1809, Salzburg gunners fought at Pass Lueg against Bavarian and French troops, but were successful only at the start of fighting.
• And in June 1816 on today’s Hildmannplatz in front of the Neutor, the residents of the City of Salzburg received the new ruler Emperor Francis I of Austria.